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Glucocorticoid receptors in oligodendrocyte precursor cells regulate hippocampal network plasticity and stress-induced behavior in mice.

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Paper

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 195 lines · 5 KB · MIT

  1. %% run_nodes_of_ranvier_pipeline.m
  4. clear; clc;
  6. %% ---------------- User settings ----------------
  8. cfg.codeDir = '';
  9. cfg.inputDir = '';
  10. cfg.outputDir = '';
  12. cfg.voxelSize = [0.04, 0.04, 0.1]; % [x y z] in micrometers
  13. cfg.referenceXY = 0.04; % used for anisotropy correction
  14. cfg.medianFilterSize = [5, 5, 5];
  16. cfg.displayResults = false;
  17. cfg.saveFigures = true;
  18. cfg.overwrite = true;
  20. %% ---------------- Run pipeline ----------------
  22. addpath(genpath(cfg.codeDir));
  24. if ~exist(cfg.outputDir, 'dir')
  25. mkdir(cfg.outputDir);
  26. end
  28. sampleDirs = list_subdirectories(cfg.inputDir);
  30. for iSample = 1:numel(sampleDirs)
  32. sampleName = sampleDirs(iSample).name;
  33. sampleInputDir = fullfile(cfg.inputDir, sampleName);
  34. sampleOutputDir = fullfile(cfg.outputDir, sampleName);
  36. if ~exist(sampleOutputDir, 'dir')
  37. mkdir(sampleOutputDir);
  38. end
  40. imageFiles = list_image_files(sampleInputDir);
  42. fprintf('\nProcessing sample %d/%d: %s\n', ...
  43. iSample, numel(sampleDirs), sampleName);
  45. for iFile = 1:numel(imageFiles)
  47. fileName = imageFiles(iFile).name;
  48. [~, baseName, ~] = fileparts(fileName);
  50. fprintf(' Processing file %d/%d: %s\n', ...
  51. iFile, numel(imageFiles), fileName);
  53. try
  54. process_single_volume(sampleInputDir, sampleOutputDir, fileName, baseName, cfg);
  55. catch ME
  56. warning('Failed to process %s: %s', fileName, ME.message);
  57. end
  58. end
  59. end
  61. fprintf('\nDone.\n');
  63. %% ========================================================================
  64. %% Local functions
  65. %% ========================================================================
  67. function process_single_volume(inputDir, outputDir, fileName, baseName, cfg)
  69. outputMatFile = fullfile(outputDir, [baseName, '.mat']);
  71. if exist(outputMatFile, 'file') && ~cfg.overwrite
  72. fprintf(' Skipping existing result: %s\n', outputMatFile);
  73. return;
  74. end
  76. imagePath = fullfile(inputDir, fileName);
  78. % Read original volume
  79. rawVolumeCell = bfOpen3DVolume(imagePath);
  80. rawVolume = rawVolumeCell{1}{1};
  82. % Find matching Airyscan-processed file
  83. airyscanFile = find_airyscan_file(inputDir, baseName);
  85. if isempty(airyscanFile)
  86. fprintf(' No matching Airyscan file found. Skipping.\n');
  87. return;
  88. end
  90. airyscanPath = fullfile(inputDir, airyscanFile);
  91. airyscanCell = bfOpen3DVolume(airyscanPath);
  92. airyscanVolume = airyscanCell{1}{1};
  94. % Infer number of z-slices from Airyscan file
  95. nZ = size(airyscanVolume, 3) / 4;
  96. nZ = floor(nZ);
  98. % Extract green channel from interleaved channels
  99. greenVolume = rawVolume(:, :, 2:4:end);
  100. greenVolume = greenVolume(:, :, 1:nZ);
  102. % Normalize to uint8
  103. greenVolume = normalize_to_uint8(greenVolume);
  105. % Enhance image
  106. filteredVolume = medfilt3(greenVolume, cfg.medianFilterSize);
  107. maxProjection = max(filteredVolume, [], 3);
  109. % Segment nodes of Ranvier
  110. voxelRatio = cfg.voxelSize / cfg.referenceXY;
  111. labelVolume = util_forcept_segmentation(maxProjection, filteredVolume, voxelRatio);
  113. % Display optional quality control
  114. if cfg.displayResults
  115. show_segmentation(labelVolume);
  116. end
  118. % Save figure
  119. if cfg.saveFigures
  120. figureBaseName = fullfile(outputDir, baseName);
  121. util_plot(maxProjection, labelVolume, figureBaseName);
  122. end
  124. % Quantification
  125. quants_pn = util_nr_quantification(labelVolume, cfg.voxelSize);
  127. % Save result
  128. lbl = labelVolume; %#ok<NASGU>
  129. save(outputMatFile, 'lbl', 'quants_pn', 'cfg', '-v7.3');
  131. close all;
  132. end
  134. function subdirs = list_subdirectories(parentDir)
  136. allItems = dir(parentDir);
  137. isValid = [allItems.isdir] & ~ismember({allItems.name}, {'.', '..'});
  138. subdirs = allItems(isValid);
  139. end
  141. function files = list_image_files(folderPath)
  143. allItems = dir(folderPath);
  144. allItems = allItems(~[allItems.isdir]);
  146. names = {allItems.name};
  148. skipMask = contains(names, 'Processing', 'IgnoreCase', true) | ...
  149. contains(names, 'Thumbs.db', 'IgnoreCase', true) | ...
  150. contains(names, 'Airyscan', 'IgnoreCase', true);
  152. files = allItems(~skipMask);
  153. end
  155. function airyscanFile = find_airyscan_file(folderPath, baseName)
  157. safeBaseName = strrep(baseName, '.', '_');
  158. searchPattern = fullfile(folderPath, [safeBaseName, '-Airyscan*']);
  160. matches = dir(searchPattern);
  162. if isempty(matches)
  163. airyscanFile = '';
  164. else
  165. airyscanFile = matches(1).name;
  166. end
  167. end
  169. function out = normalize_to_uint8(volume)
  171. volume = double(volume);
  172. maxValue = max(volume(:));
  174. if maxValue == 0
  175. out = uint8(volume);
  176. else
  177. out = uint8(255 * volume / maxValue);
  178. end
  179. end
  181. function show_segmentation(labelVolume)
  182. figure;
  183. p = patch(isosurface(smooth3(logical(labelVolume), 'gaussian', 7)));
  184. hold on;
  186. p.FaceColor = [0.1, 0.2, 0.1];
  187. p.FaceAlpha = 0.05;
  188. p.EdgeColor = [0.1, 0.2, 0.1];
  189. p.EdgeAlpha = 0.3;
  191. camlight;
  192. axis equal;
  193. set(gca, 'Visible', 'off', 'Color', 'k');
  194. drawnow;
  195. end

run_nodes_of_Ranvier.m at commit cbe8a76, under MIT · at the source

Overview

Authors: Lorenzo Mattioni1,2, Giulia Poggi1,3, Celine Gallagher4, Katrin Becker3,5, Linh Le3, Maja Papic6, Jasmin Engbers3, Maija-Kreetta Koskinen7,8, Ali Abdollahzadeh9, David P Herzog3, Leonardo Nardi1, Andrea Conrad10, Sarah Winterberg11, Christa Merte-Grebe12, Liana Melo-Thomas11, Hyonseung Lee11, Hans Schwarzbach12, Jennifer Klüpfel3,5, Ralf Kinscherf12, Jan Engelmann3
and 7 other authorsBeat Lutz5,10, Ari Waisman6, Iiris Hovatta7,8, Thomas Mittmann4, Michael J Schmeisser1,2, Marianne B Müller2,3,5, Giulia Treccani1,3,11
ORCID iDs: Lorenzo Mattioni, Giulia Poggi, Celine Gallagher, Katrin Becker, Linh Le, Maja Papic, Jasmin Engbers, Ali Abdollahzadeh, David P Herzog, Liana Melo-Thomas, Ralf Kinscherf, Jan Engelmann, Beat Lutz, Ari Waisman, Iiris Hovatta, Thomas Mittmann, Michael J Schmeisser, Marianne B Müller, Giulia Treccani
  1. Institute of Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, Germany
  2. Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, Germany
  3. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, Germany
  4. Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
  5. Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
  6. Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55128, Germany
  7. SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
  8. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
  9. A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
  10. Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
  11. Department of Systemic Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University, Marburg 35032, Germany
  12. Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
Institutions: University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Germany); Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (Germany); University of Helsinki (Finland); University of Eastern Finland (Finland); Philipps University of Marburg (Germany)
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, volume 123, issue 30, article e2614867123
Dates: received 6 May 2026; accepted 16 June 2026; published online 20 July 2026; in print 28 July 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1073/pnas.2614867123 · PMID 42475563 · PMCID PMC13416226 · OpenAlex W7169788115
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: mouse (organism), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Keywords: NG2-glia, OPCs, glucocorticoid receptor, hippocampus, learning and memory
MeSH: Behavior, Animal*, Hippocampus*, Neuronal Plasticity*, Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells*, Receptors, Glucocorticoid*, Animals, Female, Male, Mice, Oligodendroglia, Signal Transduction (* major topic)
Topic: Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms (Developmental Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: German Research Foundation (PA 3913/2-1, CRC 1080 C02); Research Council of Finland (number 360360); Leibniz Science Campus Nanobrain (W71/2022); Carl Zeiss Stiftung project InteReg (P2024-02-015)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 66 references in the paper

Abstract

Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are key mediators of how the stress hormone glucocorticoids (GCs) shape postnatal brain development and adaptive plasticity. Because GC signaling is critical during this period, postnatal GC concentrations are tightly regulated in the brain, whereas excessive levels of circulating GCs can disrupt developmental trajectories and increase the risk of psychiatric disorders later in life. GR function influences multiple neural cell types, but its cell-specific roles, particularly early in development, remain poorly understood. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which generate myelinating oligodendrocytes and actively modulate neuronal networks, express GRs and can therefore respond to fluctuations in GC levels. Although excessive GC exposure during early life adversity has been linked to changes in OPC development, the physiological role of GR signaling specifically within OPCs remains unclear. To address this, we conditionally deleted GRs in postnatal OPCs in mice to investigate the role of physiological GC signaling in OPC proliferation and maturation, as well as in neuronal network activity and behavior. This deletion resulted in reduced oligodendrocyte and myelinated axon density in the hippocampus, sex-specific alterations in hippocampal activity and long-term potentiation following acute challenge, and impairments in memory formation in adulthood. Our findings reveal an OPC-specific role for GRs and suggest that physiological GR activity in the oligodendrocyte lineage contributes to normal hippocampal plasticity, learning, and memory.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

aAbdz/nodes-of-Ranvier

License: MIT
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: cbe8a762955d857dea174649954aa6481337dcd0, 4 July 2026
Languages: MATLAB (1)
Size: 2 files, 1 script
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: the references
Holds: license file
Not found: README, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Image Processing Toolbox (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
2 files
At the source: github.com/aAbdz/nodes-of-Ranvier

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 1 script, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data, Materials, and Software Availability

All custom codes used for data analysis are provided in the SI Appendix (http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.2614867123#supplementary-materials). The code used for the analysis of the Node of Ranvier is publicly available at GitHub (66).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 27 authors, 5 keywords, 11 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 65 references.

Cite

This paper

Mattioni, L., Poggi, G., Gallagher, C., Becker, K., Le, L., Papic, M., Engbers, J., Koskinen, M.-K., Abdollahzadeh, A., Herzog, D. P., Nardi, L., Conrad, A., Winterberg, S., Merte-Grebe, C., Melo-Thomas, L., Lee, H., Schwarzbach, H., Klüpfel, J., Kinscherf, R., . . . Treccani, G. (2026). Glucocorticoid receptors in oligodendrocyte precursor cells regulate hippocampal network plasticity and stress-induced behavior in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 123(30), e2614867123. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2614867123

BibTeX

@article{mattioni2026glucocorticoid,
author = {Mattioni, Lorenzo and Poggi, Giulia and Gallagher, Celine and Becker, Katrin and Le, Linh and Papic, Maja and Engbers, Jasmin and Koskinen, Maija-Kreetta and Abdollahzadeh, Ali and Herzog, David P and Nardi, Leonardo and Conrad, Andrea and Winterberg, Sarah and Merte-Grebe, Christa and Melo-Thomas, Liana and Lee, Hyonseung and Schwarzbach, Hans and Klüpfel, Jennifer and Kinscherf, Ralf and Engelmann, Jan and Lutz, Beat and Waisman, Ari and Hovatta, Iiris and Mittmann, Thomas and Schmeisser, Michael J and Müller, Marianne B and Treccani, Giulia},
title = {{Glucocorticoid receptors in oligodendrocyte precursor cells regulate hippocampal network plasticity and stress-induced behavior in mice}},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {123},
number = {30},
pages = {e2614867123},
publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
issn = {0027-8424},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2614867123},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2614867123},
pmid = {42475563},
pmcid = {PMC13416226}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Mattioni, Lorenzo
AU - Poggi, Giulia
AU - Gallagher, Celine
AU - Becker, Katrin
AU - Le, Linh
AU - Papic, Maja
AU - Engbers, Jasmin
AU - Koskinen, Maija-Kreetta
AU - Abdollahzadeh, Ali
AU - Herzog, David P
AU - Nardi, Leonardo
AU - Conrad, Andrea
AU - Winterberg, Sarah
AU - Merte-Grebe, Christa
AU - Melo-Thomas, Liana
AU - Lee, Hyonseung
AU - Schwarzbach, Hans
AU - Klüpfel, Jennifer
AU - Kinscherf, Ralf
AU - Engelmann, Jan
AU - Lutz, Beat
AU - Waisman, Ari
AU - Hovatta, Iiris
AU - Mittmann, Thomas
AU - Schmeisser, Michael J
AU - Müller, Marianne B
AU - Treccani, Giulia
TI - Glucocorticoid receptors in oligodendrocyte precursor cells regulate hippocampal network plasticity and stress-induced behavior in mice
T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
J2 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/20
VL - 123
IS - 30
SP - e2614867123
SN - 0027-8424
PB - National Academy of Sciences
DO - 10.1073/pnas.2614867123
UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2614867123
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"id": "10.1073/pnas.2614867123",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Glucocorticoid receptors in oligodendrocyte precursor cells regulate hippocampal network plasticity and stress-induced behavior in mice",
"container-title": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
"author": [
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"family": "Mattioni",
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