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Clinicoanatomic localization of iron-rich gliosis in aphasic presentations of globular glial tauopathy.

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  1. [1] § Results ↔ process_ggt_data.ipynb, lines 212 to 339 · score 0.63 · cortical depth, iron stained, Pearson, correlation, intensity, DAB · Report a mismatch

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Jupyter notebook · 343 lines · 9.9 KB · no license · 1 match

  1. # %% [markdown]
  2. # # Install packages
  3. # %%
  4. %pip install pdnl_sana
  5. %pip install nibabel
  6. %pip install lxml
  7. %pip install pandas
  8. import os
  9. import sys
  10. import nibabel as nib
  11. from lxml import objectify
  12. import numpy as np
  13. from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
  14. import cv2
  15. import pandas as pd
  16. import scipy.stats
  17. import pdnl_sana as sana
  18. import pdnl_sana.geo
  19. import pdnl_sana.interpolate
  20. import pdnl_sana.image
  21. import pdnl_sana.color_deconvolution
  22. # %% [markdown]
  23. # # Initialize data source
  24. # %%
  25. # location of the data
  26. version = "v1"
  27. drive = os.path.join("data", version)
  28. # drive = "./for_noah/data"
  29. rois = sorted([x for x in os.listdir(drive) if x != '.DS_Store'])
  30. print("ROIs:", rois)
  31. # types of images to analyze
  32. sources = ['meguro', 'mri']
  33. # example ROI
  34. print(os.path.join(drive, rois[0]))
  35. for f in os.listdir(os.path.join(drive, rois[0])):
  36. print('\t', f)
  37. # %% [markdown]
  38. # # Functions for I/O
  39. # %%
  40. # parses the sform matrix from the header for converting annotation vector to points in the image
  41. def load_sform(f):
  42. nifti = nib.load(f)
  43. sform = np.zeros([3,3], dtype=float)
  44. for i, ax in enumerate(['x', 'y', 'z']):
  45. sform[i] = nifti.header[f'srow_{ax}'][:3]
  46. return sform
  47. # nifti I/O
  48. def load_nifti_img(f):
  49. nifti = nib.load(f)
  50. img = np.asanyarray(nifti.dataobj)
  51. if type(img.dtype) is np.dtypes.VoidDType:
  52. img = img.view((img.dtype[0], len(img.dtype.names)))
  53. img = np.squeeze(img)
  54. if len(img.shape) == 2:
  55. img = img[:,:,None]
  56. else:
  57. img = img.transpose(1,0,2)
  58. return img
  59. # parse the lxml file
  60. def load_itksnap_annotations(f):
  61. tree = objectify.fromstring(open(f, 'rb').read())
  62. annotations = tree.folder.getchildren()
  63. annos = []
  64. for annotation in annotations:
  65. if annotation.get('key') == 'ArraySize':
  66. continue
  67. # load the Position (voxel) and Offset (mm)
  68. pos, offset, label, plane = None, None, None, None
  69. for x in annotation.getchildren():
  70. if x.get('key') == 'Text':
  71. label = x.get('value')
  72. if x.get('key') == 'Plane':
  73. plane = int(x.get('value'))
  74. if x.get('key') == 'Pos':
  75. pos = np.array(list(map(float, x.get('value').split(' '))))
  76. if x.get('key') == 'Offset':
  77. offset = np.array(list(map(float, x.get('value').split(' '))))
  78. annos.append([label, plane, pos, offset])
  79. return annos
  80. # handles the coordinate changes in the 3D space
  81. def load_itksnap_ihc_annotations(f, sform):
  82. annotations = load_itksnap_annotations(f)
  83. annos = {}
  84. for label, plane, pos, offset in annotations:
  85. # grab the slice number to extract
  86. slice_num = int(np.ceil(pos[plane]))
  87. # invert direction of the anno vector
  88. offset[1] *= -1
  89. # make the offset 3D
  90. offset = np.insert(offset, 2, 0)
  91. # calculate the start and end points of the annotation
  92. p0 = np.linalg.inv(sform) @ (sform @ pos)
  93. p1 = (np.linalg.inv(sform) @ ((sform @ pos) - offset))
  94. # remove the z axis
  95. p0 = np.delete(p0, plane)
  96. p1 = np.delete(p1, plane)
  97. # store the (x,y) annotation
  98. annos[label] = sana.geo.Curve([p0[0], p1[0]], [p0[1], p1[1]])
  99. # parse the annotation labels into a common label set
  100. segments = {
  101. 'CSF': annos['gm'],
  102. 'GM': annos['wm'],
  103. 'L': annos['left'],
  104. 'R': annos['right'],
  105. }
  106. return segments
  107. # handles the coordinate changes in the 2D space
  108. def load_itksnap_mri_annotations(f, sform, version):
  109. annotations = load_itksnap_annotations(f)
  110. annos = {}
  111. for label, plane, pos, offset in annotations:
  112. # grab the slice number to extract
  113. slice_num = int(np.ceil(pos[plane]))
  114. # invert direction of the anno vector
  115. offset[1] *= -1
  116. # make the offset 3D
  117. if pos[1] < 1 and version == "v1":
  118. offset = np.insert(offset, 0, 0)
  119. else:
  120. offset = np.insert(offset, 1, 0)
  121. # calculate the start and end points of the annotation
  122. p0 = np.linalg.inv(sform) @ (sform @ pos)
  123. p1 = (np.linalg.inv(sform) @ ((sform @ pos) - offset))
  124. # remove the z axis
  125. p0 = np.delete(pos, plane)
  126. p1 = np.delete(p1, plane)
  127. # store the (y,x) annotation
  128. annos[label] = sana.geo.Curve([p0[0], p1[0]], [p0[1], p1[1]])
  129. # convert to (x,y) annotation
  130. annos[label] = annos[label][:, ::-1]
  131. # parse the annotation labels into a common label set
  132. segments = {
  133. 'CSF': annos['gm'],
  134. 'GM': annos['wm'],
  135. 'L': annos['left'],
  136. 'R': annos['right'],
  137. }
  138. # NOTE: we're just assuming that all annotations are in the same plane/slice_num
  139. return segments
  140. # load the images and annotations for a given ROI
  141. def load_data(version, roi, source, ax=None):
  142. drive = os.path.join("data", version)
  143. anno_f = os.path.join(drive, roi, f'{source}.annot')
  144. img_f = os.path.join(drive, roi, f'{source}.nii.gz')
  145. sform = load_sform(img_f)
  146. if source == 'mri':
  147. annos = load_itksnap_mri_annotations(anno_f, sform, version)
  148. else:
  149. annos = load_itksnap_ihc_annotations(anno_f, sform)
  150. img = load_nifti_img(img_f)
  151. if not ax is None:
  152. _ = ax.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
  153. _ = [ax.plot(*annos[label].T, label=label) for label in annos]
  154. _ = ax.legend()
  155. _ = ax.set_title(f'{roi}\n{source}')
  156. return img, annos
  157. # test the I/O
  158. version = "v2"
  159. fig, axs = plt.subplots(1,2)
  160. roi = 'A. Patient #1 naPPA, BA8'
  161. img, annos = load_data(version, roi, source='meguro', ax=axs[0])
  162. img, annos = load_data(version, roi, source='mri', ax=axs[1])
  163. # %% [markdown]
  164. # # Correlation Analysis
  165. # %%
  166. aspect_ratio = 0.66
  167. h = 40
  168. w = int(40*aspect_ratio)
  169. def resample_rois(version):
  170. drive = os.path.join("data", version)
  171. rois = sorted([x for x in os.listdir(drive) if x != '.DS_Store'])
  172. data = {}
  173. for i, roi in enumerate(rois):
  174. data[roi] = {}
  175. # load the data
  176. fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, len(sources), figsize=(20,10))
  177. for j, source in enumerate(sources):
  178. img, annos = load_data(version, roi, source, ax=axs[j])
  179. data[roi][source] = [img, annos]
  180. fig.tight_layout()
  181. plt.savefig(os.path.join('output', version, f'{roi}_01_thumbnails.png'))
  182. plt.close()
  183. # apply the resampling
  184. fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, len(sources), figsize=(20,10))
  185. for j, source in enumerate(sources):
  186. img, annos = data[roi][source][:2]
  187. sample_grid, _ = sana.interpolate.fan_sample(annos['CSF'], annos['R'], annos['GM'], annos['L'])
  188. resampled = sana.interpolate.grid_sample(sana.image.Frame(img.copy(), level=0), sample_grid)
  189. resampled.resize(sana.geo.Point(w, h, level=0), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
  190. data[roi][source] = (img, annos, resampled)
  191. axs[j].imshow(resampled.img, cmap='gray')
  192. axs[j].set_title(f'{source}')
  193. fig.suptitle(f'{roi}')
  194. fig.tight_layout()
  195. plt.savefig(os.path.join('output', version, f'{roi}_02_resampled.png'))
  196. plt.close()
  197. return data
  198. def find_correlation(version):
  199. data = {}
  200. data = resample_rois(version)
  201. df = []
  202. fig, axs = plt.subplots(len(data),len(sources)+1, figsize=(8,20), sharey=True)
  203. for i, roi in enumerate(rois):
  204. ax_signals = axs[i,2]
  205. signals = []
  206. for j, source in enumerate(sources):
  207. img, annos, resampled = data[roi][source]
  208. if source == 'mri':
  209. target = resampled.img[:,:,0]
  210. # convert the RGB IHC data to grayscale using color deconvolution
  211. else:
  212. if source == 'lfb':
  213. ss = sana.color_deconvolution.StainSeparator('LFB-CV')
  214. stains = ss.separate(resampled.img)
  215. target = stains[:,:,0]
  216. else:
  217. ss = sana.color_deconvolution.StainSeparator('H-DAB')
  218. stains = ss.separate(resampled.img)
  219. target = stains[:,:,1]
  220. axs[i][j].imshow(target, cmap='gray', extent=(0, 2.64, -2, 2))
  221. axs[i][j].set_title(source.replace('meguro', 'Iron Stain').replace('mri', 'MRI T2*w'))
  222. axs[i][j].axis('off')
  223. # signal standardization
  224. target = (target - np.mean(target)) / np.std(target)
  225. signal = np.median(target, axis=1)[5:]
  226. signals.append(signal)
  227. # ax_signals.plot(np.linspace(0, 1, len(signal)), signal, label=source.replace('meguro', 'Iron Stain').replace('mri', 'MRI T2*w'), linewidth=3)
  228. ax_signals.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(.8, 0.5))
  229. ax_signals.set_xlabel('Cortical Depth')
  230. ax_signals.set_ylabel('Standardized Intensity')
  231. ax_signals.set_xticks([0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0])
  232. ax_signals.axhline(0, color='black')
  233. ax_signals.set_ylim([-2,2])
  234. ax_signals.set_xlim([0,1])
  235. # calculate and store the correlation between IHC and MRI
  236. X_signal = signals[-1]
  237. Y_signal = signals[0]
  238. ax_signals.plot(X_signal, Y_signal, '.')
  239. res = scipy.stats.pearsonr(X_signal, Y_signal)
  240. R = res.statistic
  241. pvalue = res.pvalue
  242. ax_signals.set_title(roi+' | '+r"$R=%.2f$" % (R), loc="left")
  243. ax_signals.set_yticks([-2, -1, 0, 1, 2])
  244. ax_signals.set_xticks([0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0])
  245. df.append({
  246. 'ROI': roi,
  247. f'R_{version}': R,
  248. f'p_{version}': pvalue
  249. })
  250. fig.tight_layout()
  251. plt.savefig(os.path.join('output', f'final_figure_{version}.png'))
  252. plt.close()
  253. df = pd.DataFrame(df)
  254. return df
  255. df_v1 = find_correlation("v1")
  256. df_v2 = find_correlation("v2")
  257. df = df_v1.merge(df_v2, on='ROI')
  258. df.to_csv(os.path.join('output', 'correlations.csv'), index=False)
  259. print(df)
  260. # %%

process_ggt_data.ipynb at commit 7d82f74, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: David J Irwin1, Sheina Emrani1, Daniel T Ohm1, Winifred Trotman1, Alejandra Bahena1, Eric Teunissen-Bermeo1, Philip Sabatini1, Sandhitsu R Das1, Gabor Mizsei2, Karthik Prabhakaran1, Ranjit Ittyerah1, H Branch Coslett1, Lauren Massimo1, David A Wolk1, John A Detre1,2, James C Gee2, Edward B Lee3, Paul Yushkevich2, Corey T McMillan1, M Dylan Tisdall2
  1. Department Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
  2. Department Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
  3. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Institutions: University of Pennsylvania (United States)
Journal: Brain communications, volume 8, issue 3, article fcag169
Dates: received 14 November 2025; accepted 27 May 2026; published online 2 June 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1093/braincomms/fcag169 · PMID 42238478 · PMCID PMC13227947 · OpenAlex W7163220754
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified (how the code is found and verified)
Categories: structural MRI / diffusion (modality), human (organism), Alzheimer's / dementia (population), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Connectivity
Keywords: globular glial tauopathy, iron, neuroinflammation, MRI, primary progressive aphasia
Topic: Epilepsy research and treatment (Clinical Neurology, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: NIA NIH HHS (R01 AG056014, R01 AG069474, P30 AG072979)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 30 references in the paper
Research resources: RRID:SCR_022398

Abstract

Globular glial tauopathy is a 4-repeat tauopathy associated with heterogenous clinical syndromes, including primary progressive aphasia. Iron-reactive gliosis in mid-to-deep cortical layers has previously been reported in this disorder, but detailed anatomic localization and its relationship to clinical symptoms is understudied, particularly within the anatomic framework of primary progressive aphasia. In a series of five autopsy-confirmed patients with globular glial tauopathy and one healthy control, we utilize ultra-high-resolution whole-hemisphere ex vivo 7 Telsa MRI and digital pathology to study whole-hemisphere and local laminar/cellular patterns of pathology within affected cortex. We find signature laminar patterns of iron-rich gliosis localized to brain regions implicated in distinct clinical aphasia syndromes between patients: patients who presented with non-fluent aphasia had iron-rich gliosis pathology localized to inferior and superior frontal and motor regions while iron-rich pathology was largely localized to the anterior temporal lobe in a patient with the semantic variant. Moreover, in one patient with non-fluent aphasia and additional iron-sensitive 7 Telsa MRI during life, we find evidence of antemortem iron-rich pathology in the same frontal regions observed post-mortem. These data suggest that focal neuroinflammation and iron dysregulation may contribute to the clinical expression of tauopathies and be detectable during life to improve diagnosis.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 1 match between paragraphs and lines of code.

picsl-ftdc-computational-pathology/ftdc_ggt_paper

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 7d82f7436f6d773d65d0367e580bfc795d54efa2, 13 January 2026
Languages: Jupyter (1)
Size: 153 files, 1 script
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data availability”
Holds: README, 1 notebook
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Matplotlib (1 file), NiBabel (1 file), NumPy (1 file), OpenCV (1 file), pandas (1 file), SciPy (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
2 files

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

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  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 1 script, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 1 match between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

Datasets cited

Data availability

All MRI imaging data that support this study are openly available via Dryad at the following link: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dbrv15fgk. All histopathology data that supports this study and tissue are available upon reasonable request from the authors, conditional on establishing a formal data sharing agreement with the University of Pennsylvania. Code for figure generation and laminar analysis and corresponding images are available at GithHub at the following link: https://github.com/PICSL-FTDC-Computational-Pathology/FTDC_GGT_paper/tree/main.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 20 authors, 5 keywords, 1 funder, 29 references, 1 RRID.

Cite

This paper

Irwin, D. J., Emrani, S., Ohm, D. T., Trotman, W., Bahena, A., Teunissen-Bermeo, E., Sabatini, P., Das, S. R., Mizsei, G., Prabhakaran, K., Ittyerah, R., Coslett, H. B., Massimo, L., Wolk, D. A., Detre, J. A., Gee, J. C., Lee, E. B., Yushkevich, P., McMillan, C. T., & Tisdall, M. D. (2026). Clinicoanatomic localization of iron-rich gliosis in aphasic presentations of globular glial tauopathy. Brain communications, 8(3), fcag169. https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag169

BibTeX

@article{irwin2026clinicoanatomic,
author = {Irwin, David J and Emrani, Sheina and Ohm, Daniel T and Trotman, Winifred and Bahena, Alejandra and Teunissen-Bermeo, Eric and Sabatini, Philip and Das, Sandhitsu R and Mizsei, Gabor and Prabhakaran, Karthik and Ittyerah, Ranjit and Coslett, H Branch and Massimo, Lauren and Wolk, David A and Detre, John A and Gee, James C and Lee, Edward B and Yushkevich, Paul and McMillan, Corey T and Tisdall, M Dylan},
title = {{Clinicoanatomic localization of iron-rich gliosis in aphasic presentations of globular glial tauopathy}},
journal = {Brain communications},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {fcag169},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
issn = {2632-1297},
doi = {10.1093/braincomms/fcag169},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag169},
pmid = {42238478},
pmcid = {PMC13227947}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Irwin, David J
AU - Emrani, Sheina
AU - Ohm, Daniel T
AU - Trotman, Winifred
AU - Bahena, Alejandra
AU - Teunissen-Bermeo, Eric
AU - Sabatini, Philip
AU - Das, Sandhitsu R
AU - Mizsei, Gabor
AU - Prabhakaran, Karthik
AU - Ittyerah, Ranjit
AU - Coslett, H Branch
AU - Massimo, Lauren
AU - Wolk, David A
AU - Detre, John A
AU - Gee, James C
AU - Lee, Edward B
AU - Yushkevich, Paul
AU - McMillan, Corey T
AU - Tisdall, M Dylan
TI - Clinicoanatomic localization of iron-rich gliosis in aphasic presentations of globular glial tauopathy
T2 - Brain communications
J2 - Brain Commun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/02
VL - 8
IS - 3
SP - fcag169
SN - 2632-1297
PB - Oxford University Press
DO - 10.1093/braincomms/fcag169
UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcag169
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"id": "10.1093/braincomms/fcag169",
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[5] doi:10.1186/s40478-025-02030-y [code]
Operationalizing postmortem pathology-MRI association studies in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders with MRI-guided histology sampling.
Journal: Acta neuropathologica communications
In common: OpenCV, NiBabel, pandas, 3 other tools, Alzheimer's / dementia, structural MRI / diffusion, 2 references, author Edward B Lee
[6] doi:10.1093/brain/awaf279 [code]
Connectivity as a universal predictor of tau progression in atypical Alzheimer's disease.
Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology
In common: Alzheimer's / dementia, 2 references, 2 authors
[7] doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103285 [code]
Event-based modeling of T1-weighted MRI is related to pathology in frontotemporal lobar degeneration due to tau and TDP.
Journal: NeuroImage. Clinical
In common: pandas, SciPy, Matplotlib, 1 other tool, Alzheimer's / dementia, structural MRI / diffusion, 2 references, author Edward B Lee
[8] doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59216-0
Deciphering distinct genetic risk factors for FTLD-TDP pathological subtypes via whole-genome sequencing.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: Alzheimer's / dementia, 1 reference, 2 authors
[9] doi:10.1002/alz.71649 [code]
Postmortem brain MRI reveals differential associations of subcortical and limbic volumes with cortical thinning and neurodegenerative pathologies.
Journal: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
In common: OpenCV, NiBabel, pandas, 3 other tools, Alzheimer's / dementia, structural MRI / diffusion, cellular / molecular, 2 references
[10] doi:10.1093/brain/awag105 [code]
Medial temporal lobe tau-neurodegeneration mismatch from structural imaging and plasma biomarkers.
Journal: Brain : a journal of neurology
In common: NiBabel, pandas, SciPy, 2 other tools, Alzheimer's / dementia, structural MRI / diffusion, author Paul A Yushkevich

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