Epigenetic Changes Associated With a Phenotypic Transition in Namibian Cheetahs.
The 12 matches
- [1] § Material and Methods › Gene Ontology Term Assignment ↔ 03_GO_term_assignment.R, lines 1–62 · score 0.83 · pathway enrichment, Fisher combined, biological process terms, GO terms, Profiler, background
- [2] § Material and Methods › Differential Methylation Analysis Within a Multi‐Method Cross‐Validation Framework ↔ 04_Biomarker_analysis.R, lines 1–51 · score 0.72 · biomarker selection, selected biomarkers, Random Forest, outer CV folds, ElasticNet, predictive
- [3] § Material and Methods › Differential Methylation Analysis Within a Multi‐Method Cross‐Validation Framework ↔ 01_DMR_analysis.R, lines 47–90 · score 0.72 · loIDo, pDMRs, inner CV, outer CV, cDMRs, model
- [4] § Material and Methods › Bioinformatics Processing ↔ 01_DMR_analysis.R, lines 242–291 · score 0.70 · vmu ajub asm, raw, gcf, v1, promoter, position
- [5] § Material and Methods › Study Animals and Sample Collection ↔ Supplementary_Figure_5.R, lines 153–197 · score 0.67 · 2–3.5, 3.5–7, body mass, Age class, SD, male
- [6] § Material and Methods › Differential Methylation Analysis Within a Multi‐Method Cross‐Validation Framework ↔ 01_DMR_analysis.R, lines 47–90 · score 0.66 · pDMRs, inner CV, outer CV, cDMRs, covariate, filter
- [7] § Material and Methods › Gene Ontology Term Assignment ↔ Figure_3.R, lines 1–54 · score 0.66 · associated GO terms, Ranked terms, biological process, Jaccard, pathway, TOP80
- [8] § Material and Methods › Biomarker Selection and Predictive Power Estimation ↔ 04_Biomarker_analysis.R, lines 1–51 · score 0.66 · random forest, outer CV fold, power, ElasticNet, biomarkers, Selection
- [9] § Results › Body Mass Differences Between Floaters That Remained Floaters and Floaters That Became Territorial Males ↔ Supplementary_Figure_5.R, lines 153–197 · score 0.61 · 2–3.5, 3.5–7, age class, proxy, Welch, SD
- [10] § Results › Promoter‐Overlapping cDMRs Associated With the Spatial Tactic‐Shift ↔ Figure_4.R, lines 1–56 · score 0.53 · promoter overlapping, tactic shift, cDMRs, age, gene
- [11] § Material and Methods › Differential Methylation Analysis Within a Multi‐Method Cross‐Validation Framework ↔ Helper_functions.R, lines 143–185 · score 0.53 · inner folds, edgeR, subset, windows, fitted, outer
- [12] § Results › Promoter‐Overlapping cDMRs Associated With the Spatial Tactic‐Shift ↔ Figure_4.R, lines 1–56 · score 0.52 · Promoter overlapping, tactic shift, cDMRs, Figure 4, GO, age
Paper
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The authors' code
R · 291 lines · 10 KB · no license · 3 matches
- ################################################################################
- ################################################################################
- ## ANALYSIS: Main tactic-associated DMR analysis used throughout the manuscript.
- ##
- ## Required external data files (supplied separately):
- ## - data/cov.rda [object: cov]
- ## - data/full_table.rda [object: full_table]
- ## - data/GCF_027475565.1_VMU_Ajub_asm_v1.0_genomic_addPromoter.gtf
- ##
- ## Cross-script result files created here:
- ## - DMRs_sets/full_outer_fits.rda
- ## - DMRs_sets/fold_specific_cDMRs.rda
- ## - DMRs_sets/cDMRs_m.rda
- ## - DMRs_sets/my_genes.rda
- ## - DMRs_sets/biomarker_inputs.rda
- ##
- ## To run properly, users need to download the package meth01 available here:
- ## https://github.com/vullioud/meth01 and the raw data stored here: XXXX
- ## This script represent the first part of the analysis focusing on extracting DMRs
- ## within a nested leave-one-ID-out framework using 3 different methods.
- ################################################################################
- ################################################################################
- ## Load necessary packages and functions
- rm(list = ls())
- ## Project-specific functions & packages
- source("Helper_functions.R")
- ## Lab-specific package to deal with MBD-seq data and needed dependencies
- library(meth01)
- ## basic data-processing packages
- library(future)
- library(furrr)
- library(ggplot2)
- library(dplyr)
- library(tidymodels)
- library(ggvenn)
- ################################################################################
- #### 1. load the data
- #### Create the ML table (wide format)
- #### Create a 2 CV Leave one-ID out (loIDo) sets
- ################################################################################
- load("data/cov.rda") ## preprocessed input supplied in the separate data archive
- load("data/full_table.rda") ## preprocessed input supplied in the separate data archive
- ## create the
- my_ml_table <- create_ml_table(count_data = full_table, covariate_dat =cov)
- ## create split table
- set.seed(1)
- my_splitted_table_cv <- create_split_table(data = cov, id_col = "ID",
- tactic_col = "tactic",
- method = "cv",
- outer_v = 10,
- inner_v = 9) |>
- mutate(ID_out = map_chr(splits, ~ assessment(.x)$ID[1])) ## can take only the first [1] as it is the same for the 2 samples
- ################################################################################
- #### 2. fit full edgeR (for finaly inference on full set)
- #### fit models on outer CV
- #### - filter for pDMRs[m/f]
- #### fit models on inner CV
- #### - filter for cDMRs[m/f]
- ################################################################################
- ### edgeR on full set (for final inference)
- pred <- meth01::find_coef(cov, "~ tactic + ID")[2] # extract coef of interest
- full_set_edgeR <- run_edgeR_analysis(full_table, cov, "~ tactic + ID",
- pred, "QLF", pos_filter = 1,
- bind_with = "/")
- ### fit models/test on outer CV-folds
- future::plan(future::multisession, workers = 10)
- CV_out_PCa <- find_DMRs_outer_cv(cov = cov,
- my_table = full_table,
- my_splitted_table = my_splitted_table_cv,
- method = "edgeR",
- formula = "~ tactic + ID")
- CV_out_PCo <- find_DMRs_outer_cv(cov = cov,
- my_table = full_table,
- my_splitted_table = my_splitted_table_cv,
- method ="edgeR",
- formula = " ~ body_weight + ID")
- CV_out_nP <- find_DMRs_outer_cv(cov = cov,
- my_table = full_table,
- my_splitted_table = my_splitted_table_cv,
- method = "wilco",
- formula = "~ tactic + ID") ## need tactic to get the good coef
- future::plan(future::sequential)
- ## Filter for pDMRs[m/f] p < 0,01
- pDMRs_PCa <- map(CV_out_PCa, ~ .x$pos_ID[.x$p <= 0.01])
- pDMRs_PCo <- map(CV_out_PCo, ~ .x$pos_ID[.x$p <= 0.01])
- pDMRs_nP <- map(CV_out_nP, ~ .x$pos_ID[.x$p <= 0.01])
- ## get a quick look at the dim of the results
- list_of_full_outer_fits <- list(PCa = CV_out_PCa,
- Pco = CV_out_PCo,
- nP = CV_out_nP)
- list_of_outer_pDMRs <- list(PCa = unique(unlist(pDMRs_PCa)),
- PCo = unique(unlist(pDMRs_PCo)),
- nP = unique(unlist(pDMRs_nP)))
- ggvenn(list_of_outer_pDMRs)
- map(list_of_outer_pDMRs, length)
- ## save full sets (Can be needed in other scripts)
- save(list_of_full_outer_fits, file = "DMRs_sets/full_outer_fits.rda")
- ###############################################################################
- #### Fit models/test on the inner CV-folds on the pDMRs position.
- #### This step will filter for the coherent and sig (as for the Hyena paper)
- cDMRs_PCa <- find_coherent_DMRs_inner_cv(cov = cov,
- my_pos = pDMRs_PCa,
- my_cv_table = my_splitted_table_cv,
- my_table = full_table,
- method = "edgeR",
- keep_all = F,
- formula = " ~ tactic + ID")
- cDMRs_PCo <- find_coherent_DMRs_inner_cv(cov = cov,
- my_pos = pDMRs_PCo,
- my_cv_table = my_splitted_table_cv,
- my_table = full_table,
- method = "edgeR",
- keep_all = F,
- formula = " ~ body_weight + ID")
- cDMRs_nP <- find_coherent_DMRs_inner_cv(cov = cov,
- my_pos = pDMRs_nP,
- my_cv_table = my_splitted_table_cv,
- my_table = full_table,
- method = "wilco",
- keep_all = F,
- formula = " ~ tactic + ID")
- ## get a quick look at the dim of the results
- list_of_cDMRs <- list(PCa = unique(unlist(cDMRs_PCa)),
- PCo = unique(unlist(cDMRs_PCo)),
- nP = unique(unlist(cDMRs_nP)))
- ###############################################################################
- ## Get the cDMRs[m] and the genes associated. i,e the cDMRs_mf in all folds
- list_of_cDMRs_mf <- list(PCa = cDMRs_PCa,
- PCo = cDMRs_PCo,
- nP =cDMRs_nP)
- ## Used by Supplementary Figures 1 and 2.
- save(list_of_cDMRs_mf, file = "DMRs_sets/fold_specific_cDMRs.rda")
- ## Used by the biomarker analysis.
- save(my_splitted_table_cv, my_ml_table, cDMRs_PCa, cDMRs_PCo, cDMRs_nP,
- file = "DMRs_sets/biomarker_inputs.rda")
- filter_coherent_split <- function(my_list_of_cv, name, threshold){
- as.data.frame(table(unlist(my_list_of_cv))) |> filter(Freq >=threshold) |>
- separate(Var1, into = c("chr", "start", "stop", "gene"), sep = "/", remove = F) |>
- mutate(method = name)
- }
- ### ge coherent sets cDMRs[m]
- cDMRs_m <- map(1:3, ~ filter_coherent_split(list_of_cDMRs_mf[[.x]], names(list_of_cDMRs_mf[.x]), 10))
- names(cDMRs_m) <- names(list_of_cDMRs_mf)
- my_genes <- list(PCa = unique(cDMRs_m$PCa$gene),
- PCo = unique(cDMRs_m$PCo$gene),
- nP = unique(cDMRs_m$nP$gene)) |> map(~.x[!(.x == "intergenic")])
- save(cDMRs_m, file = "DMRs_sets/cDMRs_m.rda")
- save(my_genes, file = "DMRs_sets/my_genes.rda")
- ################################################################################
- ## get some numbers (first § of the results)
- all_cDMRs_mf <- as.data.frame(table(unlist(list_of_cDMRs_mf)))
- hist(all_cDMRs_mf$Freq)
- sum(all_cDMRs_mf$Freq >= 30) ## fully coherent across all 3 method
- sum(all_cDMRs_mf$Freq <=1) ## single [m/f]
- nrow(all_cDMRs_mf) ## total
- ## by methods
- full_split_long <- function(my_list_of_cv, name){
- as.data.frame(table(unlist(my_list_of_cv))) |>
- separate(Var1, into = c("chr", "start", "stop", "gene"), sep = "/", remove = F) |>
- mutate(method = name)
- }
- raw_numbers_cDMRs_m <- map_dfr(1:3, ~ full_split_long(list_of_cDMRs_mf[[.x]], names(list_of_cDMRs_mf[.x]))) |>
- group_by(method) |>
- summarise(
- n_single = sum(Freq ==1),
- prop_single = sum(Freq == 1)/n(),
- n_full = sum(Freq == 10),
- prop_full = sum(Freq == 10) /n(),
- .groups = "drop")
- ### check overlap at the different levels
- # genes
- ggvenn(my_genes)
- # cDMRs[m]
- ggvenn(map(cDMRs_m, ~ .x$Var1))
- map(cDMRs_m, ~ length(.x$Var1))
- # cDMRs[m/f]
- ggvenn(list_of_cDMRs)
- map(list_of_cDMRs, length)
- ## get annotation and effect size for all cDMRs[m/f]
- anot_path <- "data/GCF_027475565.1_VMU_Ajub_asm_v1.0_genomic_addPromoter.gtf"
- my_annot_cDMRs_mf <- add_annotation(all_cDMRs_mf |> rename(pos_ID = Var1), path_to_annotation_file = anot_path, var_to_keep = c("type", "gene_id"), bind_with = "/")
- effect_size_cDMRs_mf <- map_dfc(CV_out_PCa, ~ .x$effect_size) |>
- mutate(pos_ID = CV_out_PCa[[1]]$pos_ID) |> ## add the pos ID the fist set is enought as they all have the same dim
- filter(pos_ID %in% my_annot_cDMRs_mf$pos_ID)
- my_annot_cDMRs_mf <- my_annot_cDMRs_mf |> left_join(effect_size_cDMRs_mf) |>
- mutate(in_nP = pos_ID %in% cDMRs_m$nP$Var1,
- in_PCa = pos_ID %in% cDMRs_m$PCa$Var1,
- in_PCo = pos_ID %in% cDMRs_m$PCo$Var1)
- coherent_set <- my_annot_cDMRs_mf |> filter(Freq == 30)
- sum(coherent_set$...1 >= 0) ## get hyper for coherent set
- coherent_set <- coherent_set |> unnest_longer(annotation) |> unnest(annotation)
- coherent_set |> group_by(type) |> summarise(n = n(), hypo = sum(effect_size < 0), ## get the numbers by type
- hyper =sum(effect_size > 0))
- length(unique(coherent_set$gene_id)) ## get the total number of gens within the coherent set
- sum(my_annot_cDMRs_mf$...1[my_annot_cDMRs_mf$in_nP] > 0)
- sum(my_annot_cDMRs_mf$...1[my_annot_cDMRs_mf$in_nP] < 0) # np hypo
- sum(my_annot_cDMRs_mf$...1[my_annot_cDMRs_mf$in_PCa] > 0)
- sum(my_annot_cDMRs_mf$...1[my_annot_cDMRs_mf$in_PCa] < 0) # Pca hhyp
01_DMR_analysis.R at commit 102a625, no license · at the source
Overview
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Berlin Germany
- Chair of Modelling of Social‐Ecological Systems University of Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
- University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) Berlin Germany
Abstract
In populations with low genetic diversity, the capacity to adapt to environmental change is limited. While epigenetic mechanisms can generate phenotypic plasticity, their role in mediating adaptive life‐history transitions in the wild is largely unknown. Here, we show that in adult Namibian cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus jubatus ), a species with remarkably low genetic diversity, the transition from a floater to a male holding a territory is associated with widespread DNA methylation changes, with a predominance of hypermethylation in territorial males. Using paired blood samples collected from the same individuals before and after becoming territorial, we identified differentially methylated genes which function in pathways related to anatomical and head development, brain development and neurodevelopment, cAMP biosynthesis and ion channel transport, consistent with the observed phenotypic shifts in morphology, spatial movement and aggressive behaviour. These findings suggest that DNA methylation mediates this life‐history transition at the molecular level. More broadly, they provide rare evidence that epigenetic regulation is relevant in phenotypic diversity within species with low genetic diversity, potentially supporting adaptive potential at the population level.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 12 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
vullioud/Vullioud_et_al_2026_Molecular_Ecology_scripts
102a62569432a9b2d16ca90153ed689ed3661863, 10 August 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 26 September 2026: the link answers
- 26 September 2026: the link answers
20 files
- 01_DMR_analysis.R, R, 291 lines, 3 matches
- 02_Age_sensitivity_analy
sis.R , R, 407 lines - 03_GO_term_assignment.R, R, 240 lines, 1 match
- 04_Biomarker_analysis.R, R, 113 lines, 2 matches
- Figure_2A.R, R, 70 lines
- Figure_3.R, R, 376 lines, 1 match
- Figure_4.R, R, 450 lines, 2 matches
- Helper_functions.R, R, 367 lines, 1 match
- Helper_functions_general
ised.R , R, 120 lines - Supplementary_Figure_1.R
, R, 130 lines - Supplementary_Figure_2.R
, R, 153 lines - Supplementary_Figure_3.R
, R, 152 lines - Supplementary_Figure_4.R
, R, 170 lines - Supplementary_Figure_5.R
, R, 404 lines, 2 matches - archive/
Enrichment_analysis.R , R, 132 lines - archive/
Fig3_figS4.R , R, 180 lines - archive/
Fig4.R , R, 78 lines - archive/
figS1.R , R, 61 lines - archive/
plots_manuscript.R , R, 445 lines - README.md, Text, 108 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
Tracing map
Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.
What the map holds:
- 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
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- 12 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
- neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.
Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
Datasets cited
- bioproject:PRJNA1499706, at NCBI BioProject; found in “Data Availability Statement”
- doi:10.5061/
dryad.8gtht774k , at Dryad; found in “Data Availability Statement”
Data Availability Statement
Sequencing data will be made available on NCBI (https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 3, 28 September 2026
- Publisher: n/a → Wiley
Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 7 authors, 6 keywords, 10 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 49 references.
Cite
This paper
Vullioud, C., Geweiler, D., Melzheimer, J., Heinrich, S., Fickel, J., Wachter, B., & Weyrich, A. (2026). Epigenetic Changes Associated With a Phenotypic Transition in Namibian Cheetahs. Molecular ecology, 35(17), e70527. https://
BibTeX
@article{vullioud2026epi
author = {Vullioud, Colin and Geweiler, Diana and Melzheimer, Joerg and Heinrich, Sonja and Fickel, Jörns and Wachter, Bettina and Weyrich, Alexandra},
title = {{Epigenetic Changes Associated With a Phenotypic Transition in Namibian Cheetahs}},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
volume = {35},
number = {17},
pages = {e70527},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {0962-1083},
doi = {10.1111/
url = {https://
pmid = {42703678},
pmcid = {PMC13548066}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Vullioud, Colin
AU - Geweiler, Diana
AU - Melzheimer, Joerg
AU - Heinrich, Sonja
AU - Fickel, Jörns
AU - Wachter, Bettina
AU - Weyrich, Alexandra
TI - Epigenetic Changes Associated With a Phenotypic Transition in Namibian Cheetahs
T2 - Molecular ecology
J2 - Mol Ecol
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 35
IS - 17
SP - e70527
SN - 0962-1083
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1111/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1111/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Epigenetic Changes Associated With a Phenotypic Transition in Namibian Cheetahs",
"container-title": "Molecular ecology",
"author": [
{
"family": "Vullioud",
"given": "Colin"
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{
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"given": "Diana"
},
{
"family": "Melzheimer",
"given": "Joerg"
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{
"family": "Heinrich",
"given": "Sonja"
},
{
"family": "Fickel",
"given": "Jörns"
},
{
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"given": "Bettina"
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"given": "Alexandra"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "35",
"issue": "17",
"page": "e70527",
"DOI": "10.1111/
"PMID": "42703678",
"PMCID": "PMC13548066",
"ISSN": "0962-1083",
"publisher": "Wiley",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
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2026,
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}
}
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