Depth-sensitive cerebral blood flow and low-frequency oscillations for consciousness assessment using time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy.
Overview
- Stony Brook University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook, New York, United States
- Wright State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dayton, Ohio, United States
- Quantum Opus LLC, Plymouth, Michigan, United States
- Stony Brook University, Department of Neurosurgery, Stony Brook, New York, United States
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Abstract
Significance: Continuous bedside monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neurovascular dynamics is important for assessing brain function and detecting secondary injury in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and disorders of consciousness (DOC). However, most neuroimaging modalities lack portability or depth specificity for use in neurocritical care settings.
Aim: This study evaluates the feasibility of using time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy (TD-DCS) for depth-sensitive monitoring of cerebral blood flow and low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) in healthy individuals and patients with DOC.
Approach: A 1064-nm TD-DCS system equipped with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) was used to acquire resting-state measurements from 25 healthy adults and five TBI patients with DOC. Photon arrival times were temporally gated to separate superficial and cortical-weighted signals. Cerebral blood flow index and LFO characteristics were analyzed using power spectral density within the Slow-5, Slow-4, and Slow-3 frequency bands. Task-evoked responses were also assessed using an auditory “smile” command paradigm.
Results: Compared with healthy controls, DOC patients exhibited altered resting-state LFO amplitude and spectral distribution, with a relative shift toward slower oscillatory components. Task-evoked measurements demonstrated clear hemodynamic responses in healthy participants, while responses in DOC patients were attenuated and more transient.
Conclusion: TD-DCS provides a noninvasive and depth-resolved approach for monitoring cerebral hemodynamics and spontaneous oscillatory activity, supporting its potential as a portable bedside tool for assessing cerebrovascular dynamics and residual cortical responsiveness in neurocritical-care patients.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 14 authors, 5 keywords, 1 funder, 126 references.
Cite
This paper
Sabaghian, S., Poon, C.-S., Kim, C., Moore, C. H., Dar, I., Rambo, T. M., Miller, A. J., Swarna, S., Lubin, N., Mofakkam, S., Mikell, C., Wang, J., Foreman, B., & Sunar, U. (2026). Depth-sensitive cerebral blood flow and low-frequency oscillations for consciousness assessment using time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy. Neurophotonics, 13(2), 025005. https://
BibTeX
@article{sabaghian2026de
author = {Sabaghian, Sahar and Poon, Chien-Sing and Kim, Carsi and Moore, Christopher H. and Dar, Irfaan and Rambo, Timothy M. and Miller, Aaron J. and Swarna, Sujith and Lubin, Noah and Mofakkam, Sima and Mikell, Charles and Wang, Jingxing and Foreman, Brandon and Sunar, Ulas},
title = {{Depth-sensitive cerebral blood flow and low-frequency oscillations for consciousness assessment using time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy}},
journal = {Neurophotonics},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {025005},
publisher = {Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers},
issn = {2329-423X},
doi = {10.1117/
url = {https://
pmid = {41878353},
pmcid = {PMC13006803}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Sabaghian, Sahar
AU - Poon, Chien-Sing
AU - Kim, Carsi
AU - Moore, Christopher H.
AU - Dar, Irfaan
AU - Rambo, Timothy M.
AU - Miller, Aaron J.
AU - Swarna, Sujith
AU - Lubin, Noah
AU - Mofakkam, Sima
AU - Mikell, Charles
AU - Wang, Jingxing
AU - Foreman, Brandon
AU - Sunar, Ulas
TI - Depth-sensitive cerebral blood flow and low-frequency oscillations for consciousness assessment using time-domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy
T2 - Neurophotonics
J2 - Neurophotonics
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 13
IS - 2
SP - 025005
SN - 2329-423X
PB - Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
DO - 10.1117/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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