Real-time fMRI-triggered experience sampling: A proof-of-concept study.
The 5 matches · 1 of them tie a paragraph to a whole file, not to given lines: a weak match, whose lines are not tinted
- [1] § Results › Exploratory validation of real-time BOLD signal triggers ↔ Code/Figure 3/offlineonlineplots.m, lines 680–758 · score 0.68 · Shaded error bars, PMC activity, PMC Trigger Events, trial onset, BOLD activity, SEM
- [2] § Results › Description of final dataset ↔ Code/Figure 2/exclusionbarplot.m, lines 33–61 · score 0.62 · Opposite ROI triggered, Incomplete rating, Head Motion, thoughts, Figure 2
- [3] § Results › Exploratory validation of real-time BOLD signal triggers ↔ Code/Figure 3/offlineonlineplots.m, lines 320–397 · score 0.61 · offline PMC, trial onset, BOLD activity, trigger events, alignment, validation
- [4] § Data Analyses › Power analysis ↔ Code/Figure 4 + Pre-registered Hypothesis Testing/rtfMRI_HypothesisTesting.R, lines 44–122 · score 0.59 · fitted model, lme4, CIs, coefficient, slope
- [5] § Methods › Experimental tasks › GradCPT ↔ gradCPT_mk_Mt_EV.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.56 · button presses, commission, city, mountains, stimuli, event
Paper
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The authors' code
MATLAB · 758 lines · 33 KB · no license · 2 matches
offlineonlineplots.m, no license · at the source
Overview
Abstract
Much of a typical individual’s mental life is characterized by spontaneous thoughts that occur independently of external stimuli. In prior studies, ongoing mental experiences and their neural correlates have been captured using thought probes presented at random intervals during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, this approach results in temporally imprecise estimates of brain activity relative to the arising of mental experience. In this preregistered, proof-of-concept study, we aimed to improve temporal precision using a novel method termed real-time fMRI-triggered experience sampling (rt-fMRI-ES). We analyzed blood-oxygenation level-dependent signals in real time during a wakeful resting state (n = 60) to trigger thought probes from spontaneous activations within two regions: the dorsal anterior insular cortex (daIC; a key region within salience network) and posteromedial cortex (PMC; a key region within default mode network). We tested two preregistered hypotheses: (H1) Ratings of arousal time-locked to daIC-activation trials are higher than ratings time-locked to non-daIC-activation trials; (H2) Ratings of external attention time locked to PMC-activation trials are lower than ratings time-locked to non-PMC-activation trials. After applying preregistered exclusion criteria, 42 participants (1243 trials) and 49 participants (1429 trials) were included in H1 and H2 analyses, respectively. We did not find evidence in support of H1, but we did find evidence in support of H2, as external-attention ratings were significantly lower for trials triggered by PMC activation than other trial types. Taken together, we successfully developed and validated the rt-fMRI-ES method, offering a novel technique to efficiently capture spontaneous thoughts based on ongoing neural activity. Preregistered Stage 1 Recommendation: https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repositories
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DynamicBrainMind/rtfMRI_prep
0cbac2e31b941c916ef587cabd015d5a101ccfa0, 18 June 2025Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
- 27 September 2026: the link answers
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- gradCPT_mk_Mt_EV.m — MATLAB, 81 lines, 1 match, shown from its source
- tests/
testRTexp.py — Python, 70 lines, shown from its source - tests/
testUDPReceiver.py — Python, 45 lines, shown from its source - tests/
testUDPSender.py — Python, 44 lines, shown from its source - README.md — Text, 27 lines, shown from its source
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Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
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5 files, to read at the source
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- Code/
Figure 2/ — MATLAB, 63 lines, 1 match, not shown hereexclusionbarplot.m - Code/
Figure 2/ — R, 67 lines, not shown herepiechart_trialtype.R - Code/
Figure 2/ — MATLAB, 111 lines, not shown hereplot_trialtypebreakdown. m - Code/
Figure 3/ — MATLAB, 758 lines, 2 matches, not shown hereofflineonlineplots.m - Code/
Figure 4 + Pre-registered Hypothesis Testing/ — R, 324 lines, 1 match, not shown herertfMRI_HypothesisTesting .R
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
Tracing map
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Data
No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.
Data and Code Availability
In accordance with requirements set by the project sponsor, all study raw data will be available through the online National Institutes of Mental Health Data Archive (NDA), DOI: https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
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Version 2, 28 September 2026
- Funding: added National Institute of Mental Health: R21 MH129630; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program
Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 3 authors, 6 keywords, 91 references.
Cite
This paper
Bounyarith, T., Braun, D., & Kucyi, A. (2026). Real-time fMRI-triggered experience sampling: A proof-of-concept study. Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 4, IMAG.a.1268. https://
BibTeX
@article{bounyarith2026r
author = {Bounyarith, Tiara and Braun, David and Kucyi, Aaron},
title = {{Real-time fMRI-triggered experience sampling: A proof-of-concept study}},
journal = {Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {4},
pages = {IMAG.a.1268},
publisher = {MIT Press},
issn = {2837-6056},
doi = {10.1162/
url = {https://
pmid = {42272744},
pmcid = {PMC13248897}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Bounyarith, Tiara
AU - Braun, David
AU - Kucyi, Aaron
TI - Real-time fMRI-triggered experience sampling: A proof-of-concept study
T2 - Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
J2 - Imaging Neurosci (Camb)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 4
SP - IMAG.a.1268
SN - 2837-6056
PB - MIT Press
DO - 10.1162/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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