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SSEA3 and CD105 positivity are associated with the treatment potency of human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells for Alzheimer's disease.

Overview

Authors: Jung Yeon Lim1, Jung Eun Lee2, Minho Lee3, Haewon Shim3, Sang In Park4, Soon A. Park5, Sin-Soo Jeun5, Sheng-Min Wang6, Sunghwan Kim6, Seung Ho Yang2, Hyun Kook Lim6, Sung Won Kim1
  1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea,222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 09591 Republic of Korea
  2. Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea,93 Jungbu-daero, paldal-gu, Suwon-si, Seoul, 16247 Republic of Korea
  3. Department of Life Science, Dongguk University,30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620 Republic of Korea
  4. Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine (ICIM), Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea,56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-dong, Bupyeonggu, Incheon, 21431 Republic of Korea
  5. Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea,222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 09591 Republic of Korea
  6. Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea,10 63-ro Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07345 Republic of Korea
Journal: Translational neurodegeneration, volume 15, issue 1, article 8
Dates: received 24 February 2025; accepted 1 January 2026; published online 3 March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1186/s40035-026-00539-3 · PMID 41772709 · PMCID PMC12955099 · OpenAlex W7133360867
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: data only
Categories: human (organism), mouse (organism), Alzheimer's / dementia (population)
Methods: Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, fMRI & imaging, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Cognitive function, Human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells, Neuroinflammation, SSEA3+/CD105+ cells, Stem cell therapy
MeSH: Alzheimer Disease*, Endoglin*, Neural Crest*, Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens*, Stem Cell Transplantation*, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Transgenic (* major topic)
Topic: Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation (Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2025 (RS-2024-00397128); Korea Dementia Research Center (HU22C0070); National Research Foundation of Korea (2021M3F7A1083232, 2022R1A2C1007556, 2021R1C1C2010469)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 84 references in the paper

Abstract

Background: Stem cells have the potential to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but clinical outcomes are unpredictable due to inter-donor differences in stem cell properties. This study aimed to determine whether the pluripotency marker SSEA3 and the mesenchymal marker CD105 positivity are associated with the therapeutic efficacy of human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells (NTSCs) for AD.

Methods: The therapeutic effects of NTSCs obtained from different donors, with varying percentages of SSEA3+/CD105+ cells, were explored in 5 × FAD transgenic AD mice and cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) of three AD patients. Neuropathological changes associated with AD were examined, including expression of beta-amyloid, inflammation, and neuronal survival. Cognitive functions were evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test.

Results: NTSCs from different donors improved cognitive function and AD-related neuropathology to varying degrees, depending on the percentage of SSEA3+/CD105+ cells. Compared with NTSCs with a lower percentage of SSEA3+/CD105+ cells (NTSCs-L), NTSCs with a higher percentage of SSEA3+/CD105+ cells (NTSCs-H) showed greater properties in vitro, including proliferative capacity, multilineage differentiation potency, and secretion of neuroprotective cytokines. These properties were comparable to those of pure SSEA3+/CD105+ cells isolated from NTSCs (NTSCs-SC). Both NTSCs-H and NTSCs-SC improved cognitive function and reduced cerebral Aβ deposition, inflammation, and neuronal death in AD model mice. Furthermore, NTSCs-H and NTSCs-SC decreased Aβ aggregates, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal death, microglial numbers, and inflammatory cytokine levels in AD cerebral organoids. However, there was no significant difference in AD-related pathological changes between NTSCs-H and NTSCs-SC treatment groups.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that SSEA3/CD105 positivity is a potential marker of NTSC therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of AD. Future studies should focus on enhancing the therapeutic potential of SSEA3+/CD105+ NTSCs by improving their functional efficacy and consistency, and advancing their use in clinical settings.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-026-00539-3.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

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Data

Datasets cited

Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 12 authors, 6 keywords, 11 MeSH terms, 3 funders, 84 references.

Cite

This paper

Lim, J. Y., Lee, J. E., Lee, M., Shim, H., Park, S. I., Park, S. A., Jeun, S.-S., Wang, S.-M., Kim, S., Yang, S. H., Lim, H. K., & Kim, S. W. (2026). SSEA3 and CD105 positivity are associated with the treatment potency of human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells for Alzheimer's disease. Translational neurodegeneration, 15(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-026-00539-3

BibTeX

@article{lim2026ssea3,
author = {Lim, Jung Yeon and Lee, Jung Eun and Lee, Minho and Shim, Haewon and Park, Sang In and Park, Soon A. and Jeun, Sin-Soo and Wang, Sheng-Min and Kim, Sunghwan and Yang, Seung Ho and Lim, Hyun Kook and Kim, Sung Won},
title = {{SSEA3 and CD105 positivity are associated with the treatment potency of human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells for Alzheimer's disease}},
journal = {Translational neurodegeneration},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {8},
publisher = {BMC},
issn = {2047-9158},
doi = {10.1186/s40035-026-00539-3},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-026-00539-3},
pmid = {41772709},
pmcid = {PMC12955099}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Lim, Jung Yeon
AU - Lee, Jung Eun
AU - Lee, Minho
AU - Shim, Haewon
AU - Park, Sang In
AU - Park, Soon A.
AU - Jeun, Sin-Soo
AU - Wang, Sheng-Min
AU - Kim, Sunghwan
AU - Yang, Seung Ho
AU - Lim, Hyun Kook
AU - Kim, Sung Won
TI - SSEA3 and CD105 positivity are associated with the treatment potency of human neural crest-derived nasal turbinate stem cells for Alzheimer's disease
T2 - Translational neurodegeneration
J2 - Transl Neurodegener
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/03
VL - 15
IS - 1
SP - 8
SN - 2047-9158
PB - BMC
DO - 10.1186/s40035-026-00539-3
UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-026-00539-3
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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