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Silencing arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase alleviates hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment through the mediation of phospholipase A2 group IVC-LPC18:0 to suppress ferroptosis.

Overview

Authors: Zhen Li1,2, Jie Gao1, Jun Fu1,3, Xi Zhang1,3, Yiyang Zhou1,3, Chen Li1, Jutaek Nam2, Hongchang Gao1,3
  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Metabonomics & Medical NMR, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
  2. College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
  3. Research and Experiment Center, Innovation Academy of Testing Technology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
Institutions: Chonnam National University (South Korea); Wenzhou Medical University (China)
Journal: Molecular biomedicine, volume 7, issue 1, article 152
Dates: received 17 March 2026; accepted 2 August 2026; published online 26 August 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1186/s43556-026-00546-w · PMID 42645726 · PMCID PMC13518694 · OpenAlex W7204257426
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: data only
Categories: histology / microscopy (modality), human (organism), mouse (organism), Alzheimer's / dementia (population), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions
Keywords: Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, Phospholipase A2 group IVC, Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0, Cognitive impairment
MeSH: Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase*, Cognitive Dysfunction*, Ferroptosis*, Gene Silencing*, Group IV Phospholipases A2*, Hypoxia*, Lysophosphatidylcholines*, Animals, Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase, Hippocampus, Humans, Lipid Peroxidation, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurons (* major topic)
Topic: Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis (Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2025-00561884); National Natural Science Foundation of China (22274115)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 55 references in the paper

Abstract

Hypoxic injury is a major contributor to cognitive impairment (CI), but the lipid metabolic mechanisms linking hypoxia (HYP) to hippocampal ferroptosis remain understood. This study investigated whether the arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase-cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IVC-lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 (ALOX15-PLA2G4C-LPC18:0) axis contributes to HYP-induced hippocampal ferroptosis and CI. Morris water maze testing, Nissl staining, and NeuN immunofluorescence showed that HYP impaired spatial learning and memory and induced hippocampal neuronal loss in mice. Semi-targeted LC–MS/MS lipidomics revealed marked phospholipid/lysophospholipid (PL/LPL) remodeling, characterized by increased phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine species and decreased lysophosphatidylcholine species, particularly LPC18:0. Ferroptosis-related biochemical assays and transmission electron microscopy further demonstrated glutathione (GSH) depletion, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) downregulation, and mitochondrial abnormalities. GEO dataset analysis, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting identified ALOX15 as a HYP-responsive ferroptosis-associated regulator. Hippocampal AAV-mediated Alox15 knockdown improved cognitive performance, preserved hippocampal neurons, suppressed lipid peroxidation, and partially restored PL/LPL homeostasis. In HYP-exposed SH-SY5Y cells, genetic and pharmacological experiments further supported the contribution of ALOX15 to ferroptosis-related injury. RNA sequencing, promoter-reporter assays, and gain- and loss-of-function experiments suggested that ALOX15 suppressed PLA2G4C expression partly through MAFK-dependent transcriptional modulation. PLA2G4C restoration increased LPC18:0 production, whereas LPC18:0 supplementation attenuated ferroptosis-related injury and improved hippocampal pathology and cognitive performance in HYP-exposed mice. Collectively, these findings support the ALOX15-PLA2G4C-LPC18:0 axis as a potential lipid-remodeling mechanism underlying HYP-induced hippocampal ferroptosis and highlight ALOX15 inhibition and LPC18:0 restoration as potential strategies for mitigating HYP-induced CI.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43556-026-00546-w.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

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Data

Datasets cited

Data availability

The metabolomics data are available in Synapse under Project SynID syn75980291. The transcriptome sequencing data are available in NCBI under accession number PRJNA1477317.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 4 keywords, 16 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 55 references.

Cite

This paper

Li, Z., Gao, J., Fu, J., Zhang, X., Zhou, Y., Li, C., Nam, J., & Gao, H. (2026). Silencing arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase alleviates hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment through the mediation of phospholipase A2 group IVC-LPC18:0 to suppress ferroptosis. Molecular biomedicine, 7(1), 152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-026-00546-w

BibTeX

@article{li2026silencing,
author = {Li, Zhen and Gao, Jie and Fu, Jun and Zhang, Xi and Zhou, Yiyang and Li, Chen and Nam, Jutaek and Gao, Hongchang},
title = {{Silencing arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase alleviates hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment through the mediation of phospholipase A2 group IVC-LPC18:0 to suppress ferroptosis}},
journal = {Molecular biomedicine},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {152},
publisher = {Springer},
issn = {2662-8651},
doi = {10.1186/s43556-026-00546-w},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-026-00546-w},
pmid = {42645726},
pmcid = {PMC13518694}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Li, Zhen
AU - Gao, Jie
AU - Fu, Jun
AU - Zhang, Xi
AU - Zhou, Yiyang
AU - Li, Chen
AU - Nam, Jutaek
AU - Gao, Hongchang
TI - Silencing arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase alleviates hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment through the mediation of phospholipase A2 group IVC-LPC18:0 to suppress ferroptosis
T2 - Molecular biomedicine
J2 - Mol Biomed
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/26
VL - 7
IS - 1
SP - 152
SN - 2662-8651
PB - Springer
DO - 10.1186/s43556-026-00546-w
UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-026-00546-w
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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