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Diverse SOX3 genetic variants and their associated phenotypic spectrum in human disease.

Overview

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
  2. Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
Journal: Endocrine reviews, volume 47, issue 4, pages 512-534
Dates: received 29 October 2025; accepted 9 April 2026; published online 24 April 2026; in print July 2026
Type: Review · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1210/endrev/bnag008 · PMID 42029673 · PMCID PMC13368379 · OpenAlex W7155506394
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: data only
Categories: genetics / omics (modality), human (organism), other condition (population), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions
Keywords: X-linked hypopituitarism, 46,XX male sex reversal, neural tube defects, intellectual disability, Xq27.1 structural variants
MeSH: Genetic Variation*, SOXB1 Transcription Factors*, Genetic Association Studies, Humans, Phenotype (* major topic)
Topic: Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities (Genetics, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology), according to OpenAlex
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 162 references in the paper

Abstract

SOX3 is a single-exon gene located on the X chromosome (Xq27.1), encoding a transcription factor critical for early central nervous system and pituitary development, as well as gonadal function. A growing body of literature reports a diverse array of phenotypes associated with different classes of SOX3 variants, including single-nucleotide variants, indels, polyalanine tract changes, copy number variants, and structural rearrangements. These variants have been implicated in conditions ranging from pan-hypopituitarism or isolated growth hormone deficiency to neural tube defects, disorders/differences in sex development, and complex syndromes involving craniofacial and intellectual disability. In this review, we comprehensively summarize all known variants involving SOX3 reported to date, highlighting the different pathogenetic mechanisms that have been reported or hypothesized (eg, gene dosage, transcriptional regulation) and the phenotypes to which these variants are associated with. Special emphasis is placed on established genotype–phenotype correlations and the challenges in interpretation relevant to clinical diagnostics. This review aimed to provide a reference framework for clinicians, researchers, and geneticists working with SOX3-related disorders.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 5 keywords, 5 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 161 references.

Cite

This paper

De Dominicis, C., Birtolo, M. F., Lania, A. G., & Trivellin, G. (2026). Diverse SOX3 genetic variants and their associated phenotypic spectrum in human disease. Endocrine reviews, 47(4), 512-534. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnag008

BibTeX

@article{dedominicis2026diverse,
author = {De Dominicis, Chiara and Birtolo, Maria Francesca and Lania, Andrea G and Trivellin, Giampaolo},
title = {{Diverse SOX3 genetic variants and their associated phenotypic spectrum in human disease}},
journal = {Endocrine reviews},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {512--534},
publisher = {The Endocrine Society},
issn = {0163-769X},
doi = {10.1210/endrev/bnag008},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnag008},
pmid = {42029673},
pmcid = {PMC13368379}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - De Dominicis, Chiara
AU - Birtolo, Maria Francesca
AU - Lania, Andrea G
AU - Trivellin, Giampaolo
TI - Diverse SOX3 genetic variants and their associated phenotypic spectrum in human disease
T2 - Endocrine reviews
J2 - Endocr Rev
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
VL - 47
IS - 4
SP - 512
EP - 534
SN - 0163-769X
PB - The Endocrine Society
DO - 10.1210/endrev/bnag008
UR - https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnag008
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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