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Analysis of cortical dysplasias using b-tensor encoding diffusion MRI in an animal model.

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  1. [1] § 2 Methods › 2.5 Statistical analysis ↔ displasia_cluster_param.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.65 · cluster forming threshold, finding clusters, pclus, permutation, errors, metric

Paper

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 142 lines · 4 KB · no license · 1 match

  1. function clusters = displasia_cluster_param(groupA,groupB,cfthresh,pthresh,nperms,conn,doPlot,datatitle)
  2. % function clusters = displasia_cluster_param(groupA,groupB,pthresh)
  3. % groupA and groupB: [ndepths nstreamlines nsubjects] of one metric.
  4. % cfthres : cluster forming threshold
  5. % pthresh: Cluster threshold, something like 0.01
  6. % nperms: number of permutations to find maximum random cluster size
  7. % conn: 4 or 8 connectivity for bwlabel
  8. % datatitle : a string
  9. if size(groupA,[1 2]) ~= size(groupB,[1,2])
  10. error('First two dimensions of groupA and groupB must agree.')
  11. return
  12. end
  13. tpercentile = (1-cfthresh) * 100;
  14. nr = size(groupA,1);
  15. nc = size(groupA,2);
  16. ngA = size(groupA,3);
  17. ngB = size(groupB,3);
  18. rA = reshape(groupA,nr*nc,ngA);
  19. rB = reshape(groupB,nr*nc,ngB);
  20. rAB = cat(2,rA,rB);
  21. rPvalsPerm = zeros(nr*nc,nperms);
  22. for perm = 1 : nperms
  23. % dividing into two samples
  24. permutation = randperm(size(rAB,2));
  25. idx1 = permutation(1:ngA);
  26. idx2 = permutation(ngA+1:end);
  27. randomSample1 = rAB(:,idx1);
  28. randomSample2 = rAB(:,idx2);
  29. [hp,pp] = ttest2(randomSample1,randomSample2,'dim',2);
  30. rPvalsPerm(:,perm) = pp;
  31. end
  32. % find cluster sizes found by chance
  33. pPerms = reshape(rPvalsPerm,[nr nc nperms]);
  34. clustersizes = [];
  35. for perm = 1 : nperms
  36. CC = bwconncomp(pPerms(:,:,perm) < pthresh,conn);
  37. numPixels = cellfun(@numel,CC.PixelIdxList);
  38. clustersizes = [clustersizes numPixels];
  39. end
  40. clustersizethreshold = round(prctile(clustersizes,tpercentile));
  41. fprintf(1,'Maximum cluster size at %d percentile after %d permutations: %d\n',tpercentile,nperms,clustersizethreshold);
  42. % stats on actual data
  43. [rH,rP] = ttest2(rA,rB,'dim',2);
  44. P = reshape(rP,[nr nc]);
  45. CC = bwconncomp(P < cfthresh,conn);
  46. numPixels = cellfun(@numel,CC.PixelIdxList);
  47. [biggest,idx] = max(numPixels);
  48. L = labelmatrix(CC);
  49. clusters = ones(size(L));
  50. sigcluster = zeros(1,length(numPixels));
  51. pclusters = zeros(1,length(numPixels));
  52. centroids = zeros(length(numPixels),2);
  53. for lab = 1 : length(numPixels)
  54. thisnumpixels = numel(find(L==lab));
  55. nClustersEqualOrLargerThanThisOne = numel(find(clustersizes>=thisnumpixels));
  56. pclus = nClustersEqualOrLargerThanThisOne ./ numel(clustersizes);
  57. pclusters(lab) = pclus;
  58. if pclus <= pthresh
  59. fprintf(1,'Cluster\t%d\t%d pixels\tp=%1.4f is significant\n',lab,thisnumpixels,pclus);
  60. thiscentroid = regionprops(L==lab,'centroid');
  61. centroids(lab,:) = thiscentroid.Centroid;
  62. else
  63. fprintf(1,'Cluster\t%d\t%d pixels\tp=%1.4f\n',lab,thisnumpixels,pclus);
  64. end
  65. clusters(L==lab) = pclus;
  66. end
  67. if doPlot
  68. cmap_div = uint8(cbrewer('div','PuOr',128, 'spline') .* 255);
  69. cmap_warm = uint8(cbrewer('seq','YlOrBr',128,'spline') .* 255);
  70. cmap_cool = uint8(cbrewer('seq','PuBuGn',128,'spline') .* 255); cmap_cool = flip(cmap_cool,1);
  71. cmap_pval = hot(128); cmap_pval = flip(cmap_pval,1);
  72. cmap_flag = prism(50); cmap_flag(1,:) = [1 1 1];
  73. subplot(2,3,1)
  74. imagesc(mean(groupA,3)');
  75. set(gca,'colormap',cmap_cool); colorbar;
  76. title([datatitle ' | Mean of Group A'])
  77. subplot(2,3,2)
  78. imagesc(mean(groupB,3)');
  79. set(gca,'colormap',cmap_cool); colorbar;
  80. title([datatitle ' | Mean of Group B'])
  81. subplot(2,3,3)
  82. DIFF = mean(groupA,3) - mean(groupB,3);
  83. imagesc(DIFF');
  84. lims = get(gca,'Clim');
  85. newlims = [abs(max(lims))*-1 max(lims)];
  86. set(gca,'colormap',cmap_div); colorbar;
  87. set(gca,'Clim',newlims);
  88. title('A-B')
  89. subplot(2,3,4)
  90. imagesc(P');
  91. set(gca,'colormap',cmap_pval); colorbar;
  92. set(gca,'Clim',[0 cfthresh]);colorbar
  93. title('P values');
  94. subplot(2,3,5)
  95. histogram(clustersizes);
  96. title(sprintf('Cluster threshold\n(%d permutations)',nperms))
  97. vline(clustersizethreshold,'r',num2str(clustersizethreshold))
  98. subplot(2,3,6)
  99. imagesc(clusters' < pthresh);
  100. set(gca,'colormap',cmap_flag); colorbar;
  101. hold on
  102. for c = 1 : length(pclusters)
  103. thispclus = pclusters(c);
  104. if thispclus < pthresh
  105. text(centroids(c,2),centroids(c,1),num2str(pclusters(c)));
  106. end
  107. end
  108. title('clusters')
  109. end

displasia_cluster_param.m at commit 243c6a9, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Olimpia Ortega-Fimbres1, Ricardo Ríos-Carrillo2, Edith Gaspar-Martínez1, Priscila Ruiz-Acosta1, Mirelta Regalado1, Hiram Luna-Munguía1, Alonso Ramírez-Manzanares3, Luis Concha1
  1. Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
  2. Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robers Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
  3. Departamento de Ciencias de Computación, Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas, A.C., Guanajuato, México
Journal: PloS one, volume 21, issue 4, article e0346132
Dates: received 4 December 2025; accepted 16 March 2026; published online 3 April 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0346132 · PMID 41931540 · PMCID PMC13048379 · OpenAlex W7148933938
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: structural MRI / diffusion (modality), histology / microscopy (modality), rat (organism), clinical / translational (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Connectivity, fMRI & imaging, Physiology & signal measures
MeSH: Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging*, Diffusion Tensor Imaging*, Malformations of Cortical Development*, Animals, Anisotropy, Carmustine, Cerebral Cortex, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Neocortex, Pregnancy, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley (* major topic)
Journal subjects: Medicine and Health Sciences, Diagnostic Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Research and Analysis Methods, Imaging Techniques, Radiology and Imaging, Physical Sciences, Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Anisotropy, Materials Science, Material Properties, Biology and Life Sciences, Neuroscience, Brain Mapping, Brain Morphometry, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, Anatomy, Nervous System, Central Nervous System, Histology, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Animal Studies, Experimental Organism Systems, Animal Models, Clinical Medicine, Signs and Symptoms, Dysplasia
Topic: Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications (Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Conahcyt/Secihti (CF-2023-I-218); UNAM-DGAPA (IN204720, IN213423, IN211326); SECIHTI (1019538)
Citations: cited by 1 paper (Europe PMC); 98 references in the paper

Abstract

Cortical dysplasias are malformations of cortical development characterized by disorganization of the cyto- and myeloarchitecture of the neocortex. They are a common cause of epilepsy and their diagnosis through conventional imaging can often be challenging, hindering surgical treatments. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) has the ability to infer tissue properties at the microscopic scale, making it a promising technique for detection of cortical dysplasias. This study aims to assess the microarchitecture of the cerebral cortex in a murine model of cortical dysplasia using dMRI acquired with b-tensor encoding. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered either carmustine (BCNU) or saline solution on day 15 of gestation. Their offspring were imaged at 120 days of age using a 7 tesla scanner, acquiring diffusion-sensitive images with b-tensor encoding. Images were processed with Q-space trajectory imaging with positivity constraints (QTI+) to derive various metrics along a curvilinear coordinate system across the neocortex. After scanning, the brains were processed for immunofluorescence and histological examinations. Experimental animals exhibited a significant reduction of microscopic fractional anisotropy (µFA) and anisotropic kurtosis (Kshear) in the middle and lateral cortical layers compared to the control animals. Immunofluorescence and histological analysis showed decreased and dysorganized myelinated fibers, and an increase of glial processes in BCNU-treated animals. Given the applicability of b-tensor encoding in clinical scanners, this approach holds promise for improving detection of focal cortical dysplasias in patients with epilepsy.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 1 match between paragraphs and lines of code.

lconcha/Displasias

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 243c6a9d4a00b53166ef945ce656eb2000fd5a42, 11 March 2026
Languages: MATLAB (79), Shell (38), Python (6), R (2)
Size: 149 files, 125 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: the text, “2.4 Spatial analysis”
Holds: README, environment (environment.yml)
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: MRtrix3 (25 files), Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox (16 files), Image Processing Toolbox (13 files), NumPy (5 files), NiBabel (4 files), FSL (3 files), SciPy (3 files), DIPY (2 files), Matplotlib (1 file), NetworkX (1 file), reticulate (1 file), scikit-image (1 file), scikit-learn (1 file), shadedErrorBar (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
126 files

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 125 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 1 match between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability

The raw diffusion-weighted images and photomicrographs are available at https://osf.io/n46d8 (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/N46D8).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 13 MeSH terms, 3 funders, 97 references.

Cite

This paper

Ortega-Fimbres, O., Ríos-Carrillo, R., Gaspar-Martínez, E., Ruiz-Acosta, P., Regalado, M., Luna-Munguía, H., Ramírez-Manzanares, A., & Concha, L. (2026). Analysis of cortical dysplasias using b-tensor encoding diffusion MRI in an animal model. PloS one, 21(4), e0346132. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0346132

BibTeX

@article{ortegafimbres2026analysis,
author = {Ortega-Fimbres, Olimpia and Ríos-Carrillo, Ricardo and Gaspar-Martínez, Edith and Ruiz-Acosta, Priscila and Regalado, Mirelta and Luna-Munguía, Hiram and Ramírez-Manzanares, Alonso and Concha, Luis},
title = {{Analysis of cortical dysplasias using b-tensor encoding diffusion MRI in an animal model}},
journal = {PloS one},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {e0346132},
publisher = {PLOS},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0346132},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0346132},
pmid = {41931540},
pmcid = {PMC13048379}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Ortega-Fimbres, Olimpia
AU - Ríos-Carrillo, Ricardo
AU - Gaspar-Martínez, Edith
AU - Ruiz-Acosta, Priscila
AU - Regalado, Mirelta
AU - Luna-Munguía, Hiram
AU - Ramírez-Manzanares, Alonso
AU - Concha, Luis
TI - Analysis of cortical dysplasias using b-tensor encoding diffusion MRI in an animal model
T2 - PloS one
J2 - PLoS One
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/04/03
VL - 21
IS - 4
SP - e0346132
SN - 1932-6203
PB - PLOS
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0346132
UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0346132
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"author": [
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"family": "Ortega-Fimbres",
"given": "Olimpia"
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