OSCR

Early life ventricular enlargement precedes emergence of autistic traits

Code ↔ Paper

The paper beside its authors' code: matches between them have not been computed for this paper yet.

Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

The paper is loaded when this pane is shown.

The authors' code

Python · 96 lines · 3.1 KB · Apache-2.0

  1. # Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
  2. #
  3. # This file only contains a selection of the most common options. For a full
  4. # list see the documentation:
  5. # https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html
  7. # -- Path setup --------------------------------------------------------------
  9. # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
  10. # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
  11. # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
  12. #
  13. # import os
  14. # import sys
  15. # sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
  18. # -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
  20. project = 'SVRTK - Slice-to-Volume Reconstruction Toolkit'
  21. copyright = '2021, Maria Deprez, Alena Uus'
  22. author = 'Maria Deprez, Alena Uus'
  24. # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
  25. release = '1.0'
  28. # -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
  30. # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
  31. # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
  32. # ones.
  33. extensions = [
  34. 'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
  35. 'sphinx.ext.doctest',
  36. 'sphinx.ext.mathjax',
  37. 'sphinx.ext.viewcode',
  38. 'sphinx.ext.imgmath',
  39. 'sphinx.ext.todo',
  40. 'breathe',
  41. 'exhale',
  42. 'myst_parser'
  43. ]
  45. # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
  46. # templates_path = ['templates']
  48. # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
  49. # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
  50. # This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path.
  51. exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
  53. # Tell sphinx what the primary language being documented is.
  54. primary_domain = 'cpp'
  56. # Tell sphinx what the pygments highlight language should be.
  57. highlight_language = 'cpp'
  59. # -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
  61. # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for
  62. # a list of builtin themes.
  63. #
  64. html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
  66. html_theme_options = {
  67. 'collapse_navigation': False,
  68. 'navigation_depth': -1
  69. }
  71. # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
  72. # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
  73. # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
  74. # html_static_path = ['static']
  76. # -- Extension configuration -------------------------------------------------
  78. breathe_projects = { "svrtk": "./_doxybuild/xml/" }
  79. breathe_default_project = "svrtk"
  81. exhale_args = {
  82. "containmentFolder": "_api",
  83. "rootFileName": "root.rst",
  84. "doxygenStripFromPath": "..",
  85. "rootFileTitle": "SVRTK API",
  86. "createTreeView": True,
  87. # TIP: if using the sphinx-bootstrap-theme, you need
  88. # "treeViewIsBootstrap": True,
  89. "exhaleExecutesDoxygen": True,
  90. "exhaleDoxygenStdin": """
  91. INPUT = ../include
  92. PREDEFINED += protected=private
  93. HIDE_FRIEND_COMPOUNDS = YES
  94. EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS = std, mirtk
  95. """
  96. }

conf.py at commit 426963b, under Apache-2.0 · at the source

Overview

Authors: Vanessa Kyriakopoulou1,2, Alena Uus1, Fahimeh Darki3, Ayesha Javed1,2, Charlotte E. Blackmore2, Taeona Morgan1,2, Dafnis Batalle1,2, Maria Deprez1, Yilan Dong1, Molly Eddison1, Ines Pote1, Ralica Dimitrova1, Sarah-Jayne Ambler4, Michael B. Powner5, Jannath Begum-Ali6, Greg Pasco6, Ranjit Akolekar4, Emily Jones6,7,8, Mark H. Johnson6,9, Tony Charman10
and 6 other authorsA David Edwards1, Tomoki Arichi1, Declan Murphy2, Terje Falck-Ytter3,11, Mary A. Rutherford1, Grainne M. McAlonan2
  1. Research Department of Early Life Imaging, St Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London, UK
  2. Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
  3. Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
  4. Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
  5. Centre for Applied Vision Research, School of Health and Medical Sciences, City St George’s, University of London, London, UK
  6. Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
  7. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
  8. Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
  9. Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
  10. Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
  11. Development and Neurodiversity Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Institutions: St Thomas' Hospital (United Kingdom); King's College London (United Kingdom); Karolinska Institutet (Sweden); Stockholm Health Care Services (Sweden); Medway Maritime Hospital (United Kingdom); University of London (United Kingdom); Birkbeck, University of London (United Kingdom); University of Cambridge (United Kingdom); Uppsala University (Sweden)
Journal: Research Square (preprint)
Dates: published online 18 June 2026
Type: Preprint
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9839901/v1 · OpenAlex W7165135126
Open access: green, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: human (organism), autism (population), developmental (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Machine learning, Preprocessing, Connectivity, fMRI & imaging
Topic: Autism Spectrum Disorder Research (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Autism Speaks (777394); European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (777394, AIMS-2-TRIALS); Simons Foundation (10039678, 777394); National Institute for Health and Care Research; Department of Health and Social Care; King's College London (MR/Y009665/1, MR/N026063/1); European Regional Development Fund (777394); Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MR/Y009665/1, MR/K021389/1, MR/T003057/1, [MR/N026063/1); NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre; Medical Research Council (MR/N026063/, MR/Y009665/1, MR/N026063/1, 777394, K021389, MR/K021389/1, MR/T003057/1, MQ14PP_83)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 91 references in the paper

Abstract

Autism is hypothesised to have prenatal origins, but direct evidence from very early life neuroimaging is limited. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal brain MRI study of 103 children, imaged at least once at fetal, neonatal and/or infant (6 month) timepoints, and quantified autistic traits at 3 years of age using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2). This cohort was enriched with 17 children with a 1st degree relative with autism and/or ADHD to increase the likelihood that measurable autistic traits would be observed. We report that children with higher autistic traits at 3 years (n=25) had significantly larger lateral ventricles at each of the prenatal and early postnatal timepoints with data available, compared to those with lower autistic traits. At the neonatal timepoint, cortical enlargement accompanied larger ventricles. These relationships remained significant when non-specific early learning outcomes were controlled for using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. In secondary analyses, children who met DSM-5 criteria for autism at 3 years also showed larger-than-expected lateral ventricular size when all fetal, neonatal and infant scans were modelled jointly. The relationship between ventricular size at 6 months of age and ADOS-2 autistic traits at 3 years was replicated in an independent cohort of 38 children, supporting the robustness of this association. These findings provide the earliest longitudinal evidence that enlargement of the lateral ventricles associated with higher autistic traits is detectable from fetal life and emphasise prenatal developmental origins which precede postnatal influences on outcomes.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

SVRTK/SVRTK

License: Apache-2.0
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 426963ba6a4b159fae2f20975bfa19107892662c, 7 April 2025
Languages: C++ (47), C/C++ (13), Shell (4), Python (3)
Size: 109 files, 67 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Code availability”
Holds: README, license file, environment (docker/Dockerfile, docs/requirements.txt), tests, documentation
Not found: CITATION.cff, continuous integration
Tools: NumPy (1 file), SciPy (1 file), SimpleITK (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
69 files
At the source: github.com/SVRTK/SVRTK

Code availability

No new algorithms were generated as part of this study. Previously published code was used to generate the analyses as detailed in the Methods section and are freely and publicly available:

Fetal MR image motion correction and reconstruction were performed using the SVR methodology. https://github.com/SVRTK/SVRTK.

Fetal and neonatal MR volumetric quantification was performed using BOUNTI. https://github.com/MIRTK/DrawEM/tree/fetal.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 67 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data availability

The datasets presented in this study can be found at the National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH) data repository portal at https://nda.nih.gov/edit_collection.html?id=3955 (accession number 3955).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Funding: added Autism Speaks: 777394; European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations: 777394, AIMS-2-TRIALS; Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative: 10039678, 777394; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Department of Health and Social Care; King's College London: MR/Y009665/1, MR/N026063/1; European Commission: 777394; Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders: MR/Y009665/1, MR/K021389/1, MR/T003057/1, [MR/N026063/1; NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre; Medical Research Council: MR/N026063/, MR/Y009665/1, MR/N026063/1, 777394, K021389, MR/K021389/1, MR/T003057/1, MQ14PP_83

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, journal, dates, 26 authors, 86 references.

Cite

This paper

Kyriakopoulou, V., Uus, A., Darki, F., Javed, A., Blackmore, C. E., Morgan, T., Batalle, D., Deprez, M., Dong, Y., Eddison, M., Pote, I., Dimitrova, R., Ambler, S.-J., Powner, M. B., Begum-Ali, J., Pasco, G., Akolekar, R., Jones, E., Johnson, M. H., . . . McAlonan, G. M. (2026). Early life ventricular enlargement precedes emergence of autistic traits. Research Square (preprint). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9839901/v1

BibTeX

@article{kyriakopoulou2026early,
author = {Kyriakopoulou, Vanessa and Uus, Alena and Darki, Fahimeh and Javed, Ayesha and Blackmore, Charlotte E. and Morgan, Taeona and Batalle, Dafnis and Deprez, Maria and Dong, Yilan and Eddison, Molly and Pote, Ines and Dimitrova, Ralica and Ambler, Sarah-Jayne and Powner, Michael B. and Begum-Ali, Jannath and Pasco, Greg and Akolekar, Ranjit and Jones, Emily and Johnson, Mark H. and Charman, Tony and Edwards, A David and Arichi, Tomoki and Murphy, Declan and Falck-Ytter, Terje and Rutherford, Mary A. and McAlonan, Grainne M.},
title = {{Early life ventricular enlargement precedes emergence of autistic traits}},
journal = {Research Square (preprint)},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
publisher = {Research Square},
issn = {2693-5015},
doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-9839901/v1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9839901/v1}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Kyriakopoulou, Vanessa
AU - Uus, Alena
AU - Darki, Fahimeh
AU - Javed, Ayesha
AU - Blackmore, Charlotte E.
AU - Morgan, Taeona
AU - Batalle, Dafnis
AU - Deprez, Maria
AU - Dong, Yilan
AU - Eddison, Molly
AU - Pote, Ines
AU - Dimitrova, Ralica
AU - Ambler, Sarah-Jayne
AU - Powner, Michael B.
AU - Begum-Ali, Jannath
AU - Pasco, Greg
AU - Akolekar, Ranjit
AU - Jones, Emily
AU - Johnson, Mark H.
AU - Charman, Tony
AU - Edwards, A David
AU - Arichi, Tomoki
AU - Murphy, Declan
AU - Falck-Ytter, Terje
AU - Rutherford, Mary A.
AU - McAlonan, Grainne M.
TI - Early life ventricular enlargement precedes emergence of autistic traits
T2 - Research Square (preprint)
J2 - Res Sq
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/18
SN - 2693-5015
PB - Research Square
DO - 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9839901/v1
UR - https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9839901/v1
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-9839901/v1",
"type": "article",
"title": "Early life ventricular enlargement precedes emergence of autistic traits",
"container-title": "Research Square (preprint)",
"author": [
{
"family": "Kyriakopoulou",
"given": "Vanessa"
},
{
"family": "Uus",
"given": "Alena"
},
{
"family": "Darki",
"given": "Fahimeh"
},
{
"family": "Javed",
"given": "Ayesha"
},
{
"family": "Blackmore",
"given": "Charlotte E."
},
{
"family": "Morgan",
"given": "Taeona"
},
{
"family": "Batalle",
"given": "Dafnis"
},
{
"family": "Deprez",
"given": "Maria"
},
{
"family": "Dong",
"given": "Yilan"
},
{
"family": "Eddison",
"given": "Molly"
},
{
"family": "Pote",
"given": "Ines"
},
{
"family": "Dimitrova",
"given": "Ralica"
},
{
"family": "Ambler",
"given": "Sarah-Jayne"
},
{
"family": "Powner",
"given": "Michael B."
},
{
"family": "Begum-Ali",
"given": "Jannath"
},
{
"family": "Pasco",
"given": "Greg"
},
{
"family": "Akolekar",
"given": "Ranjit"
},
{
"family": "Jones",
"given": "Emily"
},
{
"family": "Johnson",
"given": "Mark H."
},
{
"family": "Charman",
"given": "Tony"
},
{
"family": "Edwards",
"given": "A David"
},
{
"family": "Arichi",
"given": "Tomoki"
},
{
"family": "Murphy",
"given": "Declan"
},
{
"family": "Falck-Ytter",
"given": "Terje"
},
{
"family": "Rutherford",
"given": "Mary A."
},
{
"family": "McAlonan",
"given": "Grainne M."
}
],
"container-title-short": "Res Sq",
"DOI": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-9839901/v1",
"ISSN": "2693-5015",
"publisher": "Research Square",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9839901/v1",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
6,
18
]
]
}
}

The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

Similar papers

The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.

[1] doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102655 [code]
An integrative multi-omics approach identifies microbiome alterations linked to pathological and behavioral features in autism spectrum disorder.
Journal: Cell reports. Medicine
In common: SciPy, NumPy, autism, 4 references
[2] doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02287-z [code]
Autism subtypes identified using cross-species functional connectivity analyses.
Journal: Nature neuroscience
In common: NumPy, autism, 4 references
[3] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-72942-3
MeCP2 Governs maternal hyperandrogenism-induced cortical defects and behavioral alterations via noncanonical AR-dependent regulation of Mef2c.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: developmental, 4 references
[4] doi:10.1038/s41398-026-04132-0 [code]
Early Trajectories of Resting-State EEG power in autistic children: a longitudinal study across language profiles.
Journal: Translational psychiatry
In common: NumPy, autism, 3 references
[5] doi:10.1038/s41398-026-03952-4 [code]
Perineuronal nets in cerebellar nuclei neurons orchestrate social behaviour via regulation of neuronal activity in circuits innervated by the cerebellum.
Journal: Translational psychiatry
In common: SciPy, autism, 3 references
[6] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74320-5 [code]
Spatial architecture of autism pathogenesis reveals mosaic structural disarray during early development.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: SciPy, NumPy, autism, developmental, 2 references
[7] doi:10.1126/sciadv.adq6577 [code]
Autism-like phenotypes and increased NMDAR2D expression in mice with KDM5B histone lysine demethylase deficiency.
Journal: Science advances
In common: SciPy, NumPy, autism, 2 references
[8] doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1870124 [code]
An end-to-end pipeline for automated fetal brain segmentation and biometry from 3D SSFP MRI.
Journal: Frontiers in neuroscience
In common: SimpleITK, SciPy, NumPy, 1 reference
[9] doi:10.1126/sciadv.aed5548 [code]
In situ proteomics unveils specialized domains for extrasynaptic signaling on neuronal cilia.
Journal: Science advances
In common: SciPy, NumPy, 2 references
[10] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73416-2 [code]
Defective ventral neurogenesis due to midfetal Chd8 mutation drives autistic-like behavior in mice.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: SciPy, NumPy, autism, developmental, 1 reference

Contribute

The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.

Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.

Request its removal

To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).

Discussion, reproductions, activity

Discussion: questions and error reports about this paper and its code, from signed-in readers and its authors. It opens with sign-in.

Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code: what they reproduced, with which environment, commit and data. It opens with sign-in.

Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.