Brain Tumor Classification and Segmentation in MR Images Using EfficientNet and U-Net++ Models.

Overview

1. Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 51178, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (J.A.); (J.B.)

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Brain tumor analysis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains a challenging task due to tumor heterogeneity, complex anatomical structures, and reliance on expert interpretation. Although deep learning approaches have shown promising results in medical image analysis, many existing studies focus on either tumor classification or segmentation independently, limiting their applicability in comprehensive automated brain tumor analysis workflows. This study proposes an integrated dual-task deep learning framework for automated brain tumor classification and segmentation using MRI scans. The framework aims to provide complementary diagnostic support by combining tumor-type prediction and tumor boundary delineation within an integrated workflow. Methods: The proposed framework utilizes EfficientNet-based convolutional neural networks for multi-class brain tumor classification and U-Net++ architectures with EfficientNet encoders for tumor segmentation. Experiments were conducted using the BRISC2025 dataset, consisting primarily of 6000 T1-weighted 2D MRI slices collected from axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. Standard preprocessing, augmentation, transfer learning, and selective fine-tuning strategies were applied. Multiple architectures were systematically evaluated using evaluation metrics. Results: EfficientNet-B1 achieved a classification accuracy of 99.70% with near-perfect precision, recall, and F1-scores across glioma, meningioma, pituitary tumor, and no-tumor classes. For segmentation, U-Net++ with an EfficientNet-B1 encoder achieved a Dice score of 0.9055, an IoU score of 0.8442, and an HD95 value of 12.21 pixels on the held-out test set. The proposed framework demonstrated robust performance in detecting small and low-contrast tumor regions while maintaining strong generalization performance across diverse MRI samples. Conclusions: The proposed integrated framework demonstrated strong performance in both brain tumor classification and segmentation tasks, effectively detecting small and low-contrast tumor regions while maintaining good generalization across diverse MRI samples. These findings suggest that the framework may serve as a reliable decision-support tool for automated brain tumor analysis in clinical practice.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data

Datasets cited

• figshare:1512427, at figshare; found in the references
• kaggle.com/datasets/masoudnickparvar, at Kaggle; found in the references
• kaggle.com/datasets/sartajbhuvaji, at Kaggle; found in the references

Data Availability Statement

The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 5 keywords, 1 funder, 13 references.

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This paper

Alkharaan, R., Alobaidi, J., Bakarman, J., & Alshamlan, H. (2026). Brain Tumor Classification and Segmentation in MR Images Using EfficientNet and U-Net++ Models. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 16(11), 1745. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16111745

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