Multi-level static and dynamic graph-theoretical analyses of resting-state functional networks in a Chinese cohort of preterm neonates.
The 5 matches
- [1] § STAR★Methods › Quantification and statistical analysis ↔ risk_factor.ipynb, lines 94–109 · score 0.97 · fetal distress, thyroid dysfunction, gestational diabetes, maternal age, delivery mode, multiple pregnancy
- [2] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Clinical and perinatal data collection ↔ risk_factor.ipynb, lines 94–109 · score 0.97 · fetal distress, thyroid dysfunction, gestational diabetes, maternal age, delivery mode, multiple pregnancy
- [3] § Results › Group differences in static graph-theoretical metrics between term and overall preterm groups and across term and preterm subgroups ↔ results_Demo.m, lines 191–278 · score 0.71 · nodal clustering coefficient, nodal local efficiency, NCp, NLe, Dc, Bc
- [4] § Results › Group differences in static graph-theoretical metrics between term and overall preterm groups and across term and preterm subgroups ↔ results_Demo.m, lines 191–278 · score 0.63 · nodal clustering coefficient, nodal local efficiency, NCp, NLe, Dc, Ne
- [5] § Results › Group differences in static graph-theoretical metrics between term and overall preterm groups and across term and preterm subgroups ↔ correlation.R, lines 48–112 · score 0.58 · clustering coefficient, global efficiency, local efficiency, AUC, Eloc, Lp
Paper
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The authors' code
Jupyter notebook · 434 lines · 17 KB · no license · 2 matches
- # %%
- # ============================================
- # Group LASSO + Cross-validation + OLS + FDR correction
- # ============================================
- import pandas as pd
- import numpy as np
- from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler, OneHotEncoder
- from sklearn.compose import ColumnTransformer
- from group_lasso import GroupLasso
- from sklearn.model_selection import KFold
- import statsmodels.api as sm
- import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
- import seaborn as sns
- from tqdm import tqdm
- from scipy import stats
- from datetime import datetime
- from statsmodels.stats.multitest import multipletests
- # Set plotting style
- plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Arial', 'DejaVu Sans']
- plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
- def calculate_score(y_true, y_pred):
- """Robust scoring function (Pearson correlation)"""
- if len(np.unique(y_pred)) < 2: # avoid constant predictions
- return 0
- try:
- corr = np.corrcoef(y_true, y_pred)[0, 1]
- return corr if not np.isnan(corr) else 0
- except:
- return 0
- def plot_significant_features(coef_df, outcome, p_values=None, q_values=None):
- """Improved visualization with FDR-corrected p-values"""
- if len(coef_df) == 0:
- print(f"⚠️ No significant variables to visualize for {outcome}")
- return
- plt.figure(figsize=(12, max(6, len(coef_df) * 0.5)))
- # Color based on significance level
- colors = []
- for i in range(len(coef_df)):
- if q_values is not None and q_values[i] < 0.05:
- colors.append('red') # FDR significant
- elif p_values is not None and p_values[i] < 0.05:
- colors.append('orange') # raw p-value significant
- else:
- colors.append('lightblue') # not significant
- y_pos = np.arange(len(coef_df))
- bars = plt.barh(y_pos, coef_df['coef'], color=colors, alpha=0.7)
- plt.yticks(y_pos, coef_df['variable'])
- plt.axvline(0, color='gray', linestyle='--', alpha=0.7)
- plt.xlabel('Coefficient magnitude', fontsize=12)
- # Legend
- if q_values is not None:
- plt.title(f'Predictors for {outcome}\n(red: FDR q<0.05, orange: p<0.05, light blue: not significant)', fontsize=14)
- else:
- plt.title(f'Predictors for {outcome}\n(orange: p<0.05, light blue: not significant)', fontsize=14)
- # Add coefficient values and significance markers
- for i, (bar, coef) in enumerate(zip(bars, coef_df['coef'])):
- text_x = coef + (0.01 if coef >= 0 else -0.01)
- ha = 'left' if coef >= 0 else 'right'
- # Coefficient value
- plt.text(text_x, i, f'{coef:.3f}', va='center', ha=ha, fontsize=10)
- # Significance marker
- sig_marker = ""
- if q_values is not None and q_values[i] < 0.05:
- sig_marker = "**" # FDR significant
- elif p_values is not None and p_values[i] < 0.05:
- sig_marker = "*" # raw p-value significant
- if sig_marker:
- plt.text(text_x + (0.02 if coef >= 0 else -0.02), i, sig_marker,
- va='center', ha=ha, fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
- plt.tight_layout()
- plt.show()
- # 1️⃣ Load data
- print("📁 Loading data...")
- df = pd.read_excel("clinical_data.xlsx") # Put your file in current directory
- # Remove irrelevant columns
- for c in ["ID", "PMA", "BW"]: # adjust column names as needed
- if c in df.columns:
- df = df.drop(columns=c)
- # 2️⃣ Define variables
- outcomes = ["Sigma", "Cp", "Lp", "Eg", "Eloc"]
- covariates = ["GA", "PNA", "sex", "mean_FD"] # not penalized
- predictors = [
- "maternal_age", "delivery_mode", "hypertension", "gestational_diabetes",
- "high_risk_IUI", "antenatal_steroids", "antenatal_magnesium", "multiple_pregnancy",
- "meconium_stained_fluid", "fetal_distress", "thyroid_dysfunction", "anemia"
- ]
- # Categorical variables (will be one-hot encoded)
- cat_vars = [
- "sex", "delivery_mode", "hypertension", "gestational_diabetes", "high_risk_IUI",
- "antenatal_steroids", "antenatal_magnesium", "multiple_pregnancy", "meconium_stained_fluid",
- "fetal_distress", "thyroid_dysfunction", "anemia"
- ]
- summary_results = []
- # 3️⃣ Loop over each graph metric
- for outcome in outcomes:
- print(f"\n{'='*50}")
- print(f"📊 Analyzing {outcome}")
- print(f"{'='*50}")
- cols = [outcome] + covariates + predictors
- data = df[cols].dropna()
- if len(data) < 30:
- print(f"⚠️ Insufficient sample size (n={len(data)}), skipping")
- continue
- print(f"✅ Effective sample size: {len(data)}")
- y = data[outcome].values
- X = data[covariates + predictors]
- # Convert categorical variables to string for consistent encoding
- for c in cat_vars:
- if c in X.columns:
- X[c] = X[c].astype(str)
- # One-hot + scaling
- numeric_features = [c for c in X.columns if c not in cat_vars]
- categorical_features = [c for c in X.columns if c in cat_vars]
- preprocessor = ColumnTransformer(
- transformers=[
- ("num", StandardScaler(), numeric_features),
- ("cat", OneHotEncoder(drop="first", sparse_output=False), categorical_features)
- ]
- )
- X_processed = preprocessor.fit_transform(X)
- X_processed = np.asarray(X_processed)
- feature_names = (
- numeric_features +
- list(preprocessor.named_transformers_['cat'].get_feature_names_out(categorical_features))
- )
- # Standardize y
- y_scaled = (y - np.mean(y)) / np.std(y)
- print(f"📐 Processed feature dimension: {X_processed.shape}")
- print(f"🔢 Number of features: {len(feature_names)}")
- # Check for missing values
- if np.isnan(X_processed).any() or np.isnan(y_scaled).any():
- print("⚠️ Warning: Missing values detected in preprocessed data")
- # ===============================
- # Step 1️⃣ Automatic λ search via cross-validation (group_reg)
- # ===============================
- # Define groups: -1 for unpenalized covariates, positive integers for predictor groups
- groups = np.ones(len(feature_names)) # default group 1
- for i, name in enumerate(feature_names):
- # Check if this feature belongs to a covariate (unpenalized)
- is_covariate = False
- for cov in covariates:
- if name.startswith(cov) or name == cov:
- is_covariate = True
- break
- if is_covariate:
- groups[i] = -1 # unpenalized group
- else:
- # Assign proper group index for predictors
- for j, pred in enumerate(predictors):
- if name.startswith(pred) or name == pred:
- groups[i] = j
- break
- lambda_grid = np.logspace(-3, -1, 6) # λ from 0.001 to 0.1
- cv = KFold(n_splits=5, shuffle=True, random_state=42)
- cv_scores = []
- for lam in tqdm(lambda_grid, desc=f"CV λ for {outcome}"):
- scores = []
- for train_idx, test_idx in cv.split(X_processed):
- try:
- gl = GroupLasso(
- groups=groups,
- group_reg=lam,
- l1_reg=0,
- n_iter=5000,
- tol=1e-4,
- scale_reg="group_size",
- random_state=42,
- supress_warning=True
- )
- gl.fit(X_processed[train_idx], y_scaled[train_idx])
- y_pred = gl.predict(X_processed[test_idx])
- score = calculate_score(y_scaled[test_idx], y_pred)
- scores.append(score)
- except Exception as e:
- scores.append(0)
- cv_scores.append(np.nanmean(scores))
- best_lambda = lambda_grid[np.nanargmax(cv_scores)]
- best_score = np.nanmax(cv_scores)
- print(f"✅ Optimal λ (group_reg) = {best_lambda:.4f}, CV score = {best_score:.4f}")
- # ===============================
- # Step 2️⃣ Fit Group LASSO with optimal λ
- # ===============================
- gl_final = GroupLasso(
- groups=groups,
- group_reg=best_lambda,
- l1_reg=0,
- n_iter=5000,
- tol=1e-4,
- scale_reg="group_size",
- random_state=42,
- supress_warning=True
- )
- gl_final.fit(X_processed, y_scaled)
- coef = gl_final.coef_
- nonzero_idx = np.where(coef != 0)[0]
- selected_features = [feature_names[i] for i in nonzero_idx]
- print(f"🎯 Group LASSO selected {len(selected_features)} variables")
- if selected_features:
- print(f"Selected: {selected_features}")
- # ===============================
- # Step 3️⃣ OLS significance test + FDR correction
- # ===============================
- if len(selected_features) > 0:
- X_selected = X_processed[:, nonzero_idx]
- # Remove constant columns
- non_constant_idx = [i for i in range(X_selected.shape[1])
- if np.std(X_selected[:, i]) > 1e-8]
- X_selected = X_selected[:, non_constant_idx]
- selected_features_clean = [selected_features[i] for i in non_constant_idx]
- if len(selected_features_clean) > 0:
- X_ols = sm.add_constant(pd.DataFrame(X_selected,
- columns=selected_features_clean))
- # Check multicollinearity
- cond_number = np.linalg.cond(X_ols)
- if cond_number < 1e10:
- ols_model = sm.OLS(y_scaled, X_ols).fit()
- # Model diagnostics
- r2 = ols_model.rsquared
- adj_r2 = ols_model.rsquared_adj
- aic = ols_model.aic
- bic = ols_model.bic
- print(f"📈 Model diagnostics - R²: {r2:.3f}, adj.R²: {adj_r2:.3f}")
- print(f"📊 Model diagnostics - AIC: {aic:.2f}, BIC: {bic:.2f}")
- print(f"🔍 Condition number: {cond_number:.2f}")
- # Residual normality test
- residuals = ols_model.resid
- if len(residuals) > 7:
- _, p_normality = stats.normaltest(residuals)
- print(f"📏 Residual normality p-value: {p_normality:.3f}")
- # Collect p-values for all selected variables
- p_values = []
- for i, feature in enumerate(selected_features_clean):
- p_val = ols_model.pvalues[i+1] # skip intercept
- p_values.append(p_val)
- # FDR correction (Benjamini-Hochberg)
- reject_fdr, pvals_corrected_fdr, _, _ = multipletests(
- p_values, alpha=0.05, method='fdr_bh'
- )
- # Identify significant features
- sig_features_raw = [] # raw p < 0.05
- sig_features_fdr = [] # FDR q < 0.05
- for i, feature in enumerate(selected_features_clean):
- if p_values[i] < 0.05:
- sig_features_raw.append(feature)
- if pvals_corrected_fdr[i] < 0.05:
- sig_features_fdr.append(feature)
- print(f"🔬 Raw significant variables (p<0.05): {len(sig_features_raw)}")
- print(f"🎯 FDR significant variables (q<0.05): {len(sig_features_fdr)}")
- # Store results
- result_info = {
- "outcome": outcome,
- "sample_size": len(data),
- "best_lambda": best_lambda,
- "cv_score": best_score,
- "selected_features_count": len(selected_features_clean),
- "selected_features": selected_features_clean,
- "significant_features_raw": sig_features_raw,
- "significant_features_fdr": sig_features_fdr,
- "r_squared": r2,
- "adj_r_squared": adj_r2,
- "aic": aic,
- "bic": bic,
- "condition_number": cond_number
- }
- # Add per-feature details
- for i, feature in enumerate(selected_features_clean):
- result_info[f"coef_{feature}"] = ols_model.params[i+1]
- result_info[f"pvalue_{feature}"] = p_values[i]
- result_info[f"qvalue_fdr_{feature}"] = pvals_corrected_fdr[i]
- summary_results.append(result_info)
- # Visualize all selected variables with FDR coloring
- coef_df = pd.DataFrame({
- "variable": selected_features_clean,
- "coef": ols_model.params.values[1:],
- "p_value": p_values,
- "q_value_fdr": pvals_corrected_fdr
- })
- plot_significant_features(
- coef_df, outcome,
- p_values=p_values,
- q_values=pvals_corrected_fdr
- )
- # Print details of FDR-significant variables
- if sig_features_fdr:
- print("🎯 FDR-significant variables details:")
- for feature in sig_features_fdr:
- idx = selected_features_clean.index(feature)
- print(f" {feature}: coef={ols_model.params[idx+1]:.3f}, "
- f"p={p_values[idx]:.4f}, q(FDR)={pvals_corrected_fdr[idx]:.4f}")
- else:
- print(f"⚠️ High multicollinearity (condition number: {cond_number:.2f}), skipping OLS")
- else:
- print("⚠️ All selected variables are constant, skipping OLS")
- else:
- print("⚠️ Group LASSO selected no variables")
- # ===============================
- # Step 4️⃣ Save aggregated results
- # ===============================
- if summary_results:
- results_df = pd.DataFrame(summary_results)
- results_df['analysis_time'] = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
- # Create output directory if not exists
- import os
- os.makedirs("results", exist_ok=True)
- results_df.to_csv("results/group_lasso_ols_results.csv", index=False, encoding="utf-8-sig")
- # Save FDR-significant features
- sig_results_fdr = []
- for result in summary_results:
- for feature in result['significant_features_fdr']:
- sig_results_fdr.append({
- 'outcome': result['outcome'],
- 'significant_feature': feature,
- 'lambda': result['best_lambda'],
- 'sample_size': result['sample_size'],
- 'coefficient': result.get(f'coef_{feature}', 'NA'),
- 'p_value': result.get(f'pvalue_{feature}', 'NA'),
- 'q_value_fdr': result.get(f'qvalue_fdr_{feature}', 'NA')
- })
- if sig_results_fdr:
- pd.DataFrame(sig_results_fdr).to_csv(
- "results/significant_features_fdr.csv", index=False, encoding="utf-8-sig"
- )
- # Save raw-significant features
- sig_results_raw = []
- for result in summary_results:
- for feature in result['significant_features_raw']:
- sig_results_raw.append({
- 'outcome': result['outcome'],
- 'significant_feature': feature,
- 'lambda': result['best_lambda'],
- 'sample_size': result['sample_size'],
- 'coefficient': result.get(f'coef_{feature}', 'NA'),
- 'p_value': result.get(f'pvalue_{feature}', 'NA'),
- 'q_value_fdr': result.get(f'qvalue_fdr_{feature}', 'NA')
- })
- if sig_results_raw:
- pd.DataFrame(sig_results_raw).to_csv(
- "results/significant_features_raw.csv", index=False, encoding="utf-8-sig"
- )
- print(f"\n✅ All results saved in './results/' directory.")
- print(f"📊 Detailed results: group_lasso_ols_results.csv")
- print(f"🎯 FDR-significant features: significant_features_fdr.csv")
- print(f"🔬 Raw-significant features: significant_features_raw.csv")
- # Summary statistics
- total_analyses = len(summary_results)
- total_fdr_sig = sum(len(r['significant_features_fdr']) for r in summary_results)
- total_raw_sig = sum(len(r['significant_features_raw']) for r in summary_results)
- print(f"\n📈 Summary:")
- print(f" Analyses completed: {total_analyses}")
- print(f" Total FDR-significant variables (q<0.05): {total_fdr_sig}")
- print(f" Total raw-significant variables (p<0.05): {total_raw_sig}")
- if total_fdr_sig > 0:
- print(f"\n🎯 Overview of FDR-significant findings:")
- for result in summary_results:
- if result['significant_features_fdr']:
- print(f" {result['outcome']}: {len(result['significant_features_fdr'])} variable(s)")
- for feature in result['significant_features_fdr']:
- q_val = result.get(f'qvalue_fdr_{feature}', 'NA')
- p_val = result.get(f'pvalue_{feature}', 'NA')
- # Handle float formatting safely
- p_str = f"{p_val:.4f}" if isinstance(p_val, (int, float)) else str(p_val)
- q_str = f"{q_val:.4f}" if isinstance(q_val, (int, float)) else str(q_val)
- print(f" - {feature} (p={p_str}, q={q_str})")
- else:
- print("\n⚠️ No significant variables found.")
- print("\n📝 Notes:")
- print(" FDR correction uses Benjamini-Hochberg method to control false discovery rate.")
- print(" * indicates raw p < 0.05, ** indicates FDR q < 0.05")
risk_factor.ipynb at commit 13ab2c3, no license · at the source
Overview
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361006, China
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361006, China
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen Children’s Hospital, Xiamen 361006, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201102, China
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510005, China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
Abstract
The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 5 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
tpengfdu-eng/neonate_GT
13ab2c3afbe9b5016cc00e1ca41d479e958f297b, 29 April 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
- 27 September 2026: the link answers
10 files
- calc_auc.m, MATLAB, 36 lines
- circos_mat2edgefile.m, MATLAB, 39 lines
- contruct_sFC.m, MATLAB, 76 lines
- correlation.R, R, 314 lines, 1 match
- group_comparison.ipynb, Jupyter, 459 lines
- node2circos.m, MATLAB, 31 lines
- results_Demo.m, MATLAB, 278 lines, 2 matches
- risk_factor.ipynb, Jupyter, 434 lines, 2 matches
- visualization_module.ipy
nb , Jupyter, 152 lines - visualization_sFC.R, R, 80 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
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- 5 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
- neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.
Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
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- it points to the authors' code: tpengfdu-eng/
neonate_GT - it says that the data are available on request
- it says that the code is available on request
Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.117012.
Versions
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Version 2, 28 September 2026
- Authors: added Ting Peng (0000-0001-6155-0995); removed Ting Peng
Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 15 authors, 5 keywords, 1 funder, 70 references.
Cite
This paper
Peng, T., Xu, S., Lin, Y., Li, J., Jiang, C., Xu, X., Liu, M., Zhang, L., Yang, M., Lan, Z., Yue, J., Zhang, H., Liu, J., Zhou, W., & Cheng, G. (2026). Multi-level static and dynamic graph-theoretical analyses of resting-state functional networks in a Chinese cohort of preterm neonates. iScience, 29(8), 117012. https://
BibTeX
@article{peng2026multi,
author = {Peng, Ting and Xu, Suhua and Lin, Ying and Li, Jiaqi and Jiang, Chunjie and Xu, Xin and Liu, Miaoshuang and Zhang, Lin and Yang, Mingwen and Lan, Zuozhen and Yue, Juan and Zhang, Han and Liu, Jungang and Zhou, Wenhao and Cheng, Guoqiang},
title = {{Multi-level static and dynamic graph-theoretical analyses of resting-state functional networks in a Chinese cohort of preterm neonates}},
journal = {iScience},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {29},
number = {8},
pages = {117012},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2589-0042},
doi = {10.1016/
url = {https://
pmid = {42571414},
pmcid = {PMC13452229}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Peng, Ting
AU - Xu, Suhua
AU - Lin, Ying
AU - Li, Jiaqi
AU - Jiang, Chunjie
AU - Xu, Xin
AU - Liu, Miaoshuang
AU - Zhang, Lin
AU - Yang, Mingwen
AU - Lan, Zuozhen
AU - Yue, Juan
AU - Zhang, Han
AU - Liu, Jungang
AU - Zhou, Wenhao
AU - Cheng, Guoqiang
TI - Multi-level static and dynamic graph-theoretical analyses of resting-state functional networks in a Chinese cohort of preterm neonates
T2 - iScience
J2 - iScience
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 29
IS - 8
SP - 117012
SN - 2589-0042
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Multi-level static and dynamic graph-theoretical analyses of resting-state functional networks in a Chinese cohort of preterm neonates",
"container-title": "iScience",
"author": [
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"family": "Peng",
"given": "Ting"
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"family": "Zhang",
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{
"family": "Yang",
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"family": "Lan",
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"family": "Yue",
"given": "Juan"
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"family": "Zhang",
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"family": "Liu",
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"container-title-short":
"volume": "29",
"issue": "8",
"page": "117012",
"DOI": "10.1016/
"PMID": "42571414",
"PMCID": "PMC13452229",
"ISSN": "2589-0042",
"publisher": "Elsevier",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
7,
30
]
]
}
}
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