Transcriptome-informed brain cartography of polygenic risk and association with brain structure in major psychiatric disorders.
The 5 matches · 2 of them tie a paragraph to a whole file, not to given lines: weak matches, whose lines are not tinted
- [1] § Methods › ENIGMA structural brain changes reference maps ↔ code/plot_brains.R, lines 21–85 · score 0.62 · accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen
- [2] § Methods › TWAS and gene expression prediction ↔ code/ADHD_TWAS.sh, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.61 · PrediXcan, MultiXcan, brain tissue, v8, gene expression, GTEx
- [3] § Methods › TWAS and gene expression prediction ↔ code/ASD_TWAS.sh, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.61 · PrediXcan, MultiXcan, brain tissue, v8, gene expression, GTEx
- [4] § Methods › Gene expression and GEDAR calculation ↔ code/PTRS_estimation.R, lines 1–68 · score 0.57 · Human Protein Atlas, Desikan Killiany, DK, filtering, transcript, brains
- [5] § Methods › Gene expression and GEDAR calculation ↔ code/literature_gwas_analysis.R, lines 31–67 · score 0.57 · Human Protein Atlas, Desikan Killiany, DK, filtering, transcript, brains
Paper
Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC
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The authors' code
R · 288 lines · 9.5 KB · no license · 1 match
- library(ggseg) # subcortical data plot
- library(ggplot2) # general plotting
- library(tidyverse) # data science general
- library(readxl) # read excel files
- library(ggsegExtra) # additional ggseg stuff
- library(RColorBrewer) # nice colors
- library(fsbrain) # cortical plotting
- library(magick) # image manipulation
- # ----
- # Helper functions and path set
- zscore <- function(column){
- m <- mean(column)
- s <- sd(column)
- z <- ((column - m) / s)
- return(z)
- }
- setwd("/Users/alessiogiacomel/Dropbox/PhD/Analysis/transcriptomics_gio/MetaXcan_TWAS_Analysis/")
- base_path <- "/Users/alessiogiacomel/Dropbox/PhD/Analysis/transcriptomics_gio/MetaXcan_TWAS_Analysis/"
- figures_path <- "figures/"
- template_subjects_dir <- fsbrain::fsaverage.path()
- atlas <- 'aparc'
- template_subject <- 'fsaverage'
- # color palettes
- colFn_imaging_data3d <- colorRampPalette(rev(RColorBrewer::brewer.pal(11, name="RdBu")))
- colFn_imaging_data <- rev(RColorBrewer::brewer.pal(11, name="RdBu"))
- colFn_gene_data3d <- colorRampPalette(RColorBrewer::brewer.pal(11, name="PiYG"))
- colFn_gene_data <- RColorBrewer::brewer.pal(11, name="PiYG")
- # 3D plot options
- makecmap_options <-list('range'=c(-3,3),
- 'colFn'=colFn_imaging_data3d)
- makecmap_options2 <-list('range'=c(-2,2),
- 'colFn'=colFn_gene_data3d)
- # ----
- # Structural imaging
- data_file <- "data/ENIGMA/ENIGMA_structural_organised.xlsx"
- subcortical_data <- readxl::read_xlsx(data_file, sheet = 3)|>
- dplyr::mutate(Structure = stringr::str_to_lower(Structure)) |>
- dplyr::mutate(Structure = stringr::str_replace(Structure,
- "thalamusproper",
- "thalamus"))
- cortical_data <- readxl::read_xlsx(data_file, sheet = 2) |>
- dplyr::mutate(Structure = stringr::str_replace_all(
- stringr::str_replace_all(Structure,"M_",""),"_thickavg", ""))
- tdata <- dplyr::bind_rows(cortical_data, subcortical_data) |>
- dplyr::mutate_at(vars(ADHD, ASD, AN, BD, MDD, OCD, SCZ), zscore)
- area <- c('accumbens area',
- 'amygdala',
- 'caudate',
- 'hippocampus',
- 'pallidum',
- 'putamen',
- 'thalamus')
- sub_data <- tdata |>
- dplyr::filter(Structure %in% area)
- cort_data <- tdata |>
- dplyr::filter(!Structure %in% area)
- diseases <- c("ADHD", "ASD", "AN", "BD", "MDD", "OCD", "SCZ")
- for (dis in diseases){
- save_dis_folder <- paste0(figures_path, dis)
- if (!dir.exists(save_dis_folder)) {
- # If the folder does not exist, create it
- dir.create(save_dis_folder)
- cat("Folder created:", save_dis_folder, "\n")
- }
- sub_save <- paste0(base_path,save_dis_folder,"/",dis,"_subcortical_enigma.png")
- cort_save <- paste0(base_path, save_dis_folder,"/",dis,"_cortical_enigma.png")
- # Subcortical PLot
- some_data <- data.frame(
- region = sub_data$Structure,
- cohen = sub_data[[dis]],
- #hemi = rep("left", 6),
- #side = rep('coronal', 6),
- stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
- sub_plot <- ggplot() +
- geom_brain(atlas = aseg2,
- data = some_data,
- #mapping = aes(fill = cohen),
- hemi = "right",
- colour = 'black') +
- #scale_fill_gradientn(colors = colFn_imaging_data, breaks = c(-3, 0, 3), limits = c(-3,3), oob = scales::squish) +
- theme_brain() +
- theme(legend.position = "bottom",
- legend.title.position = "right",
- legend.title = element_text(hjust = .5, angle = 90),
- legend.text = element_text(hjust = .5),
- axis.text.x=element_blank(),
- axis.ticks.x=element_blank(),
- axis.text.y=element_blank(),
- axis.ticks.y=element_blank(),
- panel.background = element_rect(linetype = "solid", fill = "white"))
- ggsave(sub_save, plot = sub_plot)
- # Cortical plot
- # For the left hemi, we manually set data values for some regions.
- lh_region_value_list <- as.list(cort_data[[dis]])
- names(lh_region_value_list) <- cort_data$Structure
- cortical_structure <- vis.region.values.on.subject(template_subjects_dir,
- template_subject, atlas,
- surface = 'pial',
- lh_region_value_list,
- rh_region_value_list = NULL,
- makecmap_options = makecmap_options,
- draw_colorbar = TRUE)
- img <- export(cortical_structure, colorbar_legend="Z score",
- draw_colorbar = 'horizontal',
- view_angles = get.view.angle.names(angle_set = 'lh'),
- output_img = cort_save)
- rgl::close3d(dev = rgl::rgl.dev.list())
- cortical_img <- magick::image_read(cort_save)
- sub_img <- magick::image_read(sub_save) |>
- magick::image_scale("670x")
- img <- c(cortical_img, sub_img)
- stacked_img <- image_append(img, stack = TRUE)
- image_write(stacked_img,
- path = paste0(save_dis_folder,"/", dis, "_enigma.png"),
- format = "png")
- }
- # ----------
- # GENETIC TPRS PLOTS
- weight_scheme <- c("", "_pos", "_neg")
- thresholds <- c(10, 5, 1)
- for (dis in diseases){
- save_dis_folder <- paste0(figures_path, dis)
- if (!dir.exists(save_dis_folder)) {
- # If the folder does not exist, create it
- dir.create(save_dis_folder)
- cat("Folder created:", save_dis_folder, "\n")
- }
- for (weight in weight_scheme){
- if (weight == "") {
- save_n <- "wavg"
- } else {
- save_n <- weight
- }
- save_weigh_folder <- paste0(save_dis_folder, "/", save_n)
- if (!dir.exists(save_weigh_folder)) {
- # If the folder does not exist, create it
- dir.create(save_weigh_folder)
- cat("Folder created:", save_weigh_folder, "\n")
- }
- for (thr in thresholds){
- gdata_file <- paste0(base_path, "results/", dis, "/",
- dis, "_TPRS", weight, "_thr_", thr, ".tsv")
- gene_data <- readr::read_delim(file = gdata_file)|>
- dplyr::filter(hemisphere == "L") |>
- dplyr::filter(structure %in% c("cortex", "subcortex/brainstem")) |>
- dplyr::mutate(Z = zscore(weighted_avg))
- cort_gene <- gene_data |>
- dplyr::filter(structure == "cortex")
- sub_gene <- gene_data |>
- dplyr::filter(structure == "subcortex/brainstem") |>
- dplyr::mutate(label= stringr::str_replace(label,
- "thalamusproper",
- "thalamus proper")) |>
- dplyr::filter(label %in% area)
- # save paths
- sub_save <- paste0(base_path,save_weigh_folder,"/",dis,
- "_TPRS",weight,"_subcortical_thr_",thr ,".png")
- cort_save <- paste0(base_path,save_weigh_folder,"/",dis,
- "_TPRS",weight,"_cortical_thr_",thr ,".png")
- # Subcortical PLot
- some_data <- data.frame(
- region = sub_gene$label,
- cohen = sub_gene$Z,
- #hemi = rep("left", 6),
- #side = rep('coronal', 6),
- stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
- sub_plot <- ggplot() +
- geom_brain(atlas = aseg,
- data = some_data,
- mapping = aes(fill = cohen),
- hemi = "left",
- #side = "coronal",
- colour = 'black') +
- scale_fill_gradientn(colors = colFn_gene_data, breaks = c(-2, 0, 2),
- limits = c(-2,2), oob = scales::squish) +
- theme_brain() +
- theme(legend.position = "none",
- legend.title.position = "left",
- legend.title = element_text(hjust = .5, angle = 90),
- legend.text = element_text(hjust = .5),
- axis.text.x=element_blank(),
- axis.ticks.x=element_blank(),
- axis.text.y=element_blank(),
- axis.ticks.y=element_blank(),
- panel.background = element_rect(linetype = "solid", fill = "white"))
- ggsave(sub_save, plot = sub_plot)
- # Cortical
- lh_region_value_list <- as.list(cort_gene$Z)
- names(lh_region_value_list) <- cort_gene$label
- cortical_structure <- vis.region.values.on.subject(template_subjects_dir,
- template_subject, atlas,
- surface = 'pial',
- lh_region_value_list,
- rh_region_value_list = NULL,
- makecmap_options = makecmap_options2,
- draw_colorbar = TRUE)
- img <- export(cortical_structure, colorbar_legend="Z score",
- draw_colorbar = 'horizontal',
- view_angles = get.view.angle.names(angle_set = 'lh'),
- output_img = cort_save)
- rgl::close3d(dev = rgl::rgl.dev.list())
- cortical_img <- magick::image_read(cort_save)
- sub_img <- magick::image_read(sub_save) |>
- magick::image_scale("670x")
- img <- c(cortical_img, sub_img)
- stacked_img <- image_append(img, stack = TRUE)
- image_write(stacked_img,
- path = paste0(save_weigh_folder,"/", dis, "_TPRS",
- weight,"_thr_",thr,".png"),
- format = "png")
- }
- }
- }
plot_brains.R at commit e045bc5, no license · at the source
Overview
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London,London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital, Goethe University,Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cooperative Brain Imaging Centre (COBIC), Goethe University,Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London,London, UK
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London,London, UK
- The Institute for Human and Synthetic Minds, King’s College London,London, UK
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova,Padova, Italy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto,Porto, Portugal
- RISE-Health Network (Neurosciences thematic line), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto,Porto, Portugal
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, School of Health and Medical Sciences, City St George’s, University of London,London, UK
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are complex, polygenic conditions characterized by patterned structural brain alterations. Whether these changes reflect transcriptional dysregulation driven by genetic risk remains unclear. We introduce a novel imaging-transcriptomics framework that integrates transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) with brain transcriptomic atlases to predict macroscale structural brain abnormalities across seven disorders: attention-deficit/
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 5 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
alegiac95/METAXCAN_TWAS_ANALYSIS
e045bc51961b0425f51bbdf54672d59222cfa8b9, 20 October 2025Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 September 2026: the link answers
- 30 September 2026: the link answers
21 files
- code/
ADHD_TWAS.sh , Shell, 89 lines, 1 match - code/
AN_TWAS.sh , Shell, 91 lines - code/
ASD_TWAS.sh , Shell, 89 lines, 1 match - code/
BD_TWAS.sh , Shell, 88 lines - code/
MDD_TWAS.sh , Shell, 86 lines - code/
OCD_TWAS.sh , Shell, 88 lines - code/
PTRS_estimation.R , R, 413 lines, 1 match - code/
SCZ_TWAS.sh , Shell, 88 lines - code/
convert_mdd.py , Python, 29 lines - code/
gene_overlap.R , R, 24 lines - code/
gene_plots.R , R, 287 lines - code/
heatmap_plot.R , R, 129 lines - code/
literature_gwas_analysis , R, 142 lines, 1 match.R - code/
literature_gwas_correlat , Python, 155 linesions.py - code/
pathway_analysis.R , R, 116 lines - code/
plot_brain_data.py , Python, 36 lines - code/
plot_brains.R , R, 288 lines, 1 match - code/
plot_correlations.R , R, 430 lines - code/
spatial_transcriptomics_ , Python, 161 linesanalysis.py - code/
tissue_correlation.R , R, 78 lines - Readme.md, Text, 2 lines
Code availability
Code and reproducible workflows for GEDAR computation, spatial statistics (including spin permutations), enrichment analyses, and figure generation are available at https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Tracing map
Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.
What the map holds:
- 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
- 20 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
- 5 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
- neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.
Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.
Data availability
All GWAS summary statistics used in this study were obtained from the publicly available resources of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 9 authors, 4 keywords, 16 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 92 references.
Cite
This paper
Giacomel, A., Powell, T. R., Duarte, R. R. R., Nordio, G., Williams, S. C. R., Turkheimer, F., Veronese, M., Martins, D., & Dima, D. (2026). Transcriptome-informed brain cartography of polygenic risk and association with brain structure in major psychiatric disorders. Molecular psychiatry, 31(7), 3965-3977. https://
BibTeX
@article{giacomel2026tra
author = {Giacomel, Alessio and Powell, Timothy R. and Duarte, Rodrigo R. R. and Nordio, Giovanna and Williams, Steve C. R. and Turkheimer, Federico and Veronese, Mattia and Martins, Daniel and Dima, Danai},
title = {{Transcriptome-informed
journal = {Molecular psychiatry},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {31},
number = {7},
pages = {3965--3977},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
issn = {1359-4184},
doi = {10.1038/
url = {https://
pmid = {41792457},
pmcid = {PMC13268975}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Giacomel, Alessio
AU - Powell, Timothy R.
AU - Duarte, Rodrigo R. R.
AU - Nordio, Giovanna
AU - Williams, Steve C. R.
AU - Turkheimer, Federico
AU - Veronese, Mattia
AU - Martins, Daniel
AU - Dima, Danai
TI - Transcriptome-informed brain cartography of polygenic risk and association with brain structure in major psychiatric disorders
T2 - Molecular psychiatry
J2 - Mol Psychiatry
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 31
IS - 7
SP - 3965
EP - 3977
SN - 1359-4184
PB - Springer Nature
DO - 10.1038/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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"container-title": "Molecular psychiatry",
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"family": "Giacomel",
"given": "Alessio"
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"container-title-short":
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