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Forward model of rat electroencephalogram: influence of inhomogeneous and anisotropic skull.

Code ↔ Paper

2 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 2 matches
  1. [1] § Methods › Sensing electrodes and modelling of neural activity of the brain ↔ plot_summary_figure.py, lines 1–45 · score 0.54 · head model, dipole orientation, inhomogeneity, anisotropy
  2. [2] § Methods › Leadfield comparisons on a volumetric grid ↔ plot_summary_figure.py, lines 1–45 · score 0.51 · head model, dipole orientations, vector, Leadfield

Paper

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The authors' code

Python · 321 lines · 13 KB · no license · 2 matches

  1. """
  2. Step 2 of 2 — Generate the leadfield contrast summary figure.
  3. Prerequisites
  4. -------------
  5. 1. Install dependencies:
  6. pip install -r requirements.txt
  7. 2. Run compute_metrics.py first (or use the pre-computed files in data/).
  8. Usage
  9. -----
  10. python plot_summary_figure.py
  11. Output
  12. ------
  13. lf_summary_figure.png (filename controlled by config.OUTPUT_FILE)
  14. What the figure shows
  15. ---------------------
  16. Each row corresponds to one leadfield contrast (L0 vs L1, L0 vs L4, L1 vs L4).
  17. Within each row there are two sub-rows:
  18. • Top sub-row — XY / XZ / YZ projection maps of the normalised Euclidean
  19. distance between the two leadfield models, overlaid with
  20. arrows indicating the dipole orientation that maximises that
  21. distance (max-contrast direction).
  22. • Bottom sub-row — scatter plots of each spatial coordinate (X, Y, Z) against
  23. the corresponding component of the unit max-contrast
  24. direction vector.
  25. Level codes
  26. -----------
  27. L0 — homogeneous head model
  28. L1 — inhomogeneous head model
  29. L4 — anisotropic head model
  30. """
  31. import sys
  32. import os
  33. from pathlib import Path
  34. import numpy as np
  35. import matplotlib
  36. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  37. import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
  38. from scipy.interpolate import griddata
  39. # ── locate config / data relative to this script ─────────────────────────────
  40. _HERE = Path(os.path.abspath(__file__)).parent
  41. sys.path.insert(0, str(_HERE))
  42. import config as cfg
  43. DATA_DIR = _HERE / cfg.OUTPUT_PATH
  44. # Contrasts to include, in display order.
  45. # Each entry is (forward_level, inverse_level) — must match the .npz filenames.
  46. CONTRASTS = cfg.LEADFIELD_CONTRASTS
  47. # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  48. # Helper: 2-D projection with optional interpolation
  49. # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  50. def _aggregate_projection(dip_pos, values, axis, agg_func='mean', interpolate=True):
  51. """
  52. Collapse a 3-D scatter of (dipole positions, scalar values) onto a 2-D plane
  53. by removing one axis and aggregating duplicate positions.
  54. Parameters
  55. ----------
  56. dip_pos : (N, 3) array of dipole positions [mm]
  57. values : (N,) scalar value per dipole
  58. axis : int axis to project out (0=x, 1=y, 2=z)
  59. agg_func : str 'mean', 'min', or 'max'
  60. interpolate: bool fill missing grid cells with linear interpolation
  61. Returns
  62. -------
  63. coords_0, coords_1 : 1-D arrays with unique coordinates on the two kept axes
  64. projection : (len(coords_0), len(coords_1)) aggregated grid
  65. """
  66. axes = [0, 1, 2]
  67. axes.remove(axis)
  68. coords_0 = np.unique(dip_pos[:, axes[0]])
  69. coords_1 = np.unique(dip_pos[:, axes[1]])
  70. X_grid, Y_grid = np.meshgrid(coords_0, coords_1, indexing='ij')
  71. projection = np.full(X_grid.shape, np.nan)
  72. agg = {'mean': np.mean, 'max': np.max, 'min': np.min}[agg_func]
  73. for i, c0 in enumerate(coords_0):
  74. for j, c1 in enumerate(coords_1):
  75. mask = (dip_pos[:, axes[0]] == c0) & (dip_pos[:, axes[1]] == c1)
  76. if np.any(mask):
  77. projection[i, j] = agg(values[mask])
  78. if interpolate:
  79. valid = ~np.isnan(projection)
  80. if np.any(valid) and np.any(~valid):
  81. pts = np.column_stack([X_grid[valid], Y_grid[valid]])
  82. vals_v = projection[valid]
  83. pts_all = np.column_stack([X_grid.ravel(), Y_grid.ravel()])
  84. projection = griddata(pts, vals_v, pts_all, method='linear').reshape(X_grid.shape)
  85. return coords_0, coords_1, projection
  86. # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  87. # Main figure
  88. # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  89. def plot_summary_figure(dip_pos, all_metrics, elec_pos, contrasts, clim_euclid, output_file):
  90. """
  91. Build and save the leadfield-contrast summary figure.
  92. Parameters
  93. ----------
  94. dip_pos : (nDip, 3) decimated dipole positions [mm]
  95. all_metrics : dict {(level_a, level_b): (corr, euclid, rel_diff, mc_vecs)}
  96. elec_pos : (nElec, 3) electrode positions [mm]
  97. contrasts : list of (level_a, level_b) pairs
  98. clim_euclid : (vmin, vmax) or None for auto colour limits
  99. output_file : Path where to write the figure
  100. """
  101. n = len(contrasts)
  102. h_comb = cfg.MEGA_FIGURE_H_COMBINED
  103. h_scat = cfg.MEGA_FIGURE_H_SCATTER
  104. h_ratios = [val for _ in range(n) for val in (h_comb, h_scat)]
  105. fig_w = cfg.FIGSIZE_PROJECTION[0]
  106. fig_h = n * (h_comb + h_scat)
  107. fig = plt.figure(figsize=(fig_w, fig_h))
  108. gs = gridspec.GridSpec(
  109. 2 * n, 3,
  110. height_ratios=h_ratios,
  111. hspace=cfg.MEGA_FIGURE_HSPACE,
  112. wspace=0.35,
  113. figure=fig,
  114. )
  115. vmin, vmax = clim_euclid if clim_euclid is not None else (None, None)
  116. contour_lvls = (
  117. np.linspace(vmin, vmax, cfg.CONTOUR_LEVELS)
  118. if vmin is not None and vmax is not None
  119. else cfg.CONTOUR_LEVELS
  120. )
  121. coord_labels = ['X [mm]', 'Y [mm]', 'Z [mm]']
  122. comp_labels = ['X', 'Y', 'Z']
  123. scatter_colors = ['tab:red', 'tab:blue', 'tab:green']
  124. # (horiz_axis, vert_axis, xlabel, ylabel)
  125. proj_specs = [
  126. (0, 1, 'X [mm]', 'Y [mm]'),
  127. (0, 2, 'X [mm]', 'Z [mm]'),
  128. (1, 2, 'Y [mm]', 'Z [mm]'),
  129. ]
  130. last_cf = None
  131. for row_idx, (level_a, level_b) in enumerate(contrasts):
  132. _, euclid, _, mc_vecs = all_metrics[(level_a, level_b)]
  133. # Scale arrows so the longest arrow = QUIVER_SCALE_LF_CONTRAST [mm]
  134. mags = np.linalg.norm(mc_vecs, axis=1)
  135. max_mag = np.nanmax(mags) if np.nanmax(mags) > 1e-12 else 1.0
  136. scaled = mc_vecs / max_mag * cfg.QUIVER_SCALE_LF_CONTRAST
  137. # 2-D projections of normalised Euclidean distance
  138. Xp, Yp, XY = _aggregate_projection(dip_pos, euclid, 2, cfg.AGG_FUNC)
  139. Xp, Zp, XZ = _aggregate_projection(dip_pos, euclid, 1, cfg.AGG_FUNC)
  140. Yp, Zp, YZ = _aggregate_projection(dip_pos, euclid, 0, cfg.AGG_FUNC)
  141. proj_grids = [
  142. (Xp, Yp, XY),
  143. (Xp, Zp, XZ),
  144. (Yp, Zp, YZ),
  145. ]
  146. combined_row = 2 * row_idx
  147. scatter_row = 2 * row_idx + 1
  148. panel_label = chr(ord('A') + row_idx)
  149. # ── Top sub-row: contourf + quiver ────────────────────────────────────
  150. for col, ((xi, yi, xlabel, ylabel), (cx, cy, cgrid)) in enumerate(
  151. zip(proj_specs, proj_grids)):
  152. ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[combined_row, col])
  153. if col == 0:
  154. ax.text(
  155. -0.18, 1.0, panel_label,
  156. transform=ax.transAxes,
  157. fontsize=cfg.FONTSIZE_TITLE + 2,
  158. fontweight='bold',
  159. va='top', ha='right', clip_on=False,
  160. )
  161. cf = ax.contourf(
  162. cx, cy, cgrid.T,
  163. levels=contour_lvls,
  164. cmap=cfg.COLORMAP_LF_EUCLIDEAN,
  165. vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax,
  166. )
  167. ax.quiver(
  168. dip_pos[:, xi], dip_pos[:, yi],
  169. scaled[:, xi], scaled[:, yi],
  170. color='black', scale=1, scale_units='xy',
  171. width=0.003, alpha=0.7,
  172. )
  173. ax.scatter(
  174. elec_pos[:, xi], elec_pos[:, yi],
  175. c='b', s=30, zorder=5,
  176. label='Electrodes' if col == 0 else None,
  177. )
  178. ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
  179. ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.FormatStrFormatter('%.1f'))
  180. ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.FormatStrFormatter('%.1f'))
  181. ax.set_aspect('equal')
  182. ax.set_xlabel(xlabel, fontsize=cfg.FONTSIZE_AXIS_LABEL)
  183. if col == 0:
  184. ax.set_ylabel(
  185. f'L{level_a} vs L{level_b}\n{ylabel}',
  186. fontsize=cfg.FONTSIZE_AXIS_LABEL,
  187. )
  188. ax.legend(fontsize=7, markerscale=1.2)
  189. else:
  190. ax.set_ylabel(ylabel, fontsize=cfg.FONTSIZE_AXIS_LABEL)
  191. ax.tick_params(labelsize=cfg.FONTSIZE_TICK_LABEL)
  192. last_cf = cf
  193. # ── Bottom sub-row: coordinate vs direction component scatter ─────────
  194. norms = np.linalg.norm(mc_vecs, axis=1)
  195. valid = norms > 1e-12
  196. directions = np.full_like(mc_vecs, np.nan)
  197. directions[valid] = mc_vecs[valid] / norms[valid, np.newaxis]
  198. for col in range(3):
  199. ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[scatter_row, col])
  200. coord_vals = dip_pos[:, col]
  201. ax.scatter(
  202. coord_vals[valid], directions[valid, col],
  203. c=scatter_colors[col], s=cfg.SCATTER_MARKER_SIZE, alpha=0.25,
  204. )
  205. ax.set_xlabel(coord_labels[col], fontsize=cfg.FONTSIZE_AXIS_LABEL)
  206. ax.set_ylabel(f'dir {comp_labels[col]}', fontsize=cfg.FONTSIZE_AXIS_LABEL)
  207. ax.set_ylim(-1.05, 1.05)
  208. ax.axhline(0, color='gray', linewidth=0.8, linestyle='--')
  209. ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.FormatStrFormatter('%.1f'))
  210. ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.FormatStrFormatter('%.2f'))
  211. ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
  212. ax.tick_params(labelsize=cfg.FONTSIZE_TICK_LABEL)
  213. # ── Shared horizontal colorbar ────────────────────────────────────────────
  214. if cfg.SHOW_COLORBAR and last_cf is not None:
  215. fig.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.06)
  216. cbar_ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.02, 0.8, 0.008])
  217. cbar = fig.colorbar(last_cf, cax=cbar_ax, orientation='horizontal')
  218. cbar.set_label('LF Normalised Euclidean', fontsize=cfg.FONTSIZE_COLORBAR_LABEL)
  219. if vmin is not None and vmax is not None:
  220. cbar.set_ticks(np.arange(vmin, vmax + 0.01, 0.1))
  221. cbar.ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.FormatStrFormatter('%.1f'))
  222. cbar.ax.tick_params(labelsize=cfg.FONTSIZE_TICK_LABEL)
  223. plt.savefig(output_file, dpi=cfg.IMAGE_DPI, bbox_inches='tight')
  224. plt.close()
  225. print(f"Saved: {output_file}")
  226. # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  227. # Entry point
  228. # ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
  229. def main():
  230. matplotlib.rcParams.update({
  231. 'axes.labelsize': cfg.FONTSIZE_AXIS_LABEL,
  232. 'xtick.labelsize': cfg.FONTSIZE_TICK_LABEL,
  233. 'ytick.labelsize': cfg.FONTSIZE_TICK_LABEL,
  234. 'axes.titlesize': cfg.FONTSIZE_TITLE,
  235. 'legend.fontsize': cfg.FONTSIZE_LEGEND,
  236. })
  237. print("Loading pre-computed data from:", DATA_DIR)
  238. dip_pos = np.load(DATA_DIR / 'dipole_positions.npy')
  239. elec_pos = np.load(DATA_DIR / 'electrode_positions.npy')
  240. print(f" dipole_positions: {dip_pos.shape}")
  241. print(f" electrode_positions: {elec_pos.shape}")
  242. all_metrics = {}
  243. for (la, lb) in CONTRASTS:
  244. fname = DATA_DIR / f'metrics_L{la}vsL{lb}.npz'
  245. if not fname.exists():
  246. raise FileNotFoundError(
  247. f"Missing data file: {fname}\n"
  248. "Run compute_metrics.py first (see README.md)."
  249. )
  250. d = np.load(fname)
  251. all_metrics[(la, lb)] = (
  252. d['correlations'],
  253. d['euclidean_dists'],
  254. d['rel_diffs'],
  255. d['max_contrast_vecs'],
  256. )
  257. print(f" metrics_L{la}vsL{lb}.npz "
  258. f"(euclid mean={np.nanmean(d['euclidean_dists']):.4f})")
  259. clim = cfg.CLIM_LF_EUCLIDEAN
  260. if clim is None:
  261. all_euclid = np.concatenate([all_metrics[k][1] for k in all_metrics])
  262. clim = (float(np.nanmin(all_euclid)), float(np.nanmax(all_euclid)))
  263. print(f" Auto colour limits: {clim}")
  264. else:
  265. print(f" Colour limits (from config): {clim}")
  266. output_file = _HERE / cfg.OUTPUT_FILE
  267. plot_summary_figure(dip_pos, all_metrics, elec_pos, CONTRASTS, clim, output_file)
  268. if __name__ == '__main__':
  269. main()

plot_summary_figure.py at commit f780e22, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: David Kuratko1, Vlastimil Koudelka2, Cestmir Vejmola2, Filip Dusek1, Frantisek Kucera3, Daniel K Wójcik4, Tomas Palenicek2,5, Jaroslav Lacik1
  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 61600 Czech Republic
  2. National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, 250 67 Czech Republic
  3. Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, 61200 Czech Republic
  4. Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
  5. Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, 10000 Czech Republic
Journal: Scientific reports, volume 16, issue 1, article 28626
Dates: received 22 December 2025; accepted 17 June 2026; published online 22 June 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC-ND
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-58885-1 · PMID 42331932 · PMCID PMC13575132 · OpenAlex W7165547085
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: EEG (modality), rat (organism)
Methods: Preprocessing, Evoked potentials, Connectivity
Keywords: Engineering, Neuroscience, Physics
MeSH: Brain*, Electroencephalography*, Models, Neurological*, Skull*, Animals, Anisotropy, Phantoms, Imaging, Rats (* major topic)
Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research (Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Grantová Agentura České Republiky (23-07578K)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 62 references in the paper

Abstract

The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 2 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

VlastaKoudelka/skull-leadfield

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: f780e223dff6faadc53f209d3b4fba61698481f9, 11 June 2026
Languages: Python (3)
Size: 17 files, 3 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data availability”
Holds: README, environment (requirements.txt)
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: NumPy (2 files), SciPy (2 files), Matplotlib (1 file), pandas (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
4 files

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

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Data

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Code and data availability statement

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Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-58885-1.

Versions

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 3 keywords, 8 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 52 references.

Cite

This paper

Kuratko, D., Koudelka, V., Vejmola, C., Dusek, F., Kucera, F., Wójcik, D. K., Palenicek, T., & Lacik, J. (2026). Forward model of rat electroencephalogram: influence of inhomogeneous and anisotropic skull. Scientific reports, 16(1), 28626. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-58885-1

BibTeX

@article{kuratko2026forward,
author = {Kuratko, David and Koudelka, Vlastimil and Vejmola, Cestmir and Dusek, Filip and Kucera, Frantisek and Wójcik, Daniel K and Palenicek, Tomas and Lacik, Jaroslav},
title = {{Forward model of rat electroencephalogram: influence of inhomogeneous and anisotropic skull}},
journal = {Scientific reports},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {28626},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-58885-1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-58885-1},
pmid = {42331932},
pmcid = {PMC13575132}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Kuratko, David
AU - Koudelka, Vlastimil
AU - Vejmola, Cestmir
AU - Dusek, Filip
AU - Kucera, Frantisek
AU - Wójcik, Daniel K
AU - Palenicek, Tomas
AU - Lacik, Jaroslav
TI - Forward model of rat electroencephalogram: influence of inhomogeneous and anisotropic skull
T2 - Scientific reports
J2 - Sci Rep
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/22
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 28626
SN - 2045-2322
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-58885-1
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-58885-1
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"id": "10.1038/s41598-026-58885-1",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Forward model of rat electroencephalogram: influence of inhomogeneous and anisotropic skull",
"container-title": "Scientific reports",
"author": [
{
"family": "Kuratko",
"given": "David"
},
{
"family": "Koudelka",
"given": "Vlastimil"
},
{
"family": "Vejmola",
"given": "Cestmir"
},
{
"family": "Dusek",
"given": "Filip"
},
{
"family": "Kucera",
"given": "Frantisek"
},
{
"family": "Wójcik",
"given": "Daniel K"
},
{
"family": "Palenicek",
"given": "Tomas"
},
{
"family": "Lacik",
"given": "Jaroslav"
}
],
"container-title-short": "Sci Rep",
"volume": "16",
"issue": "1",
"page": "28626",
"DOI": "10.1038/s41598-026-58885-1",
"PMID": "42331932",
"PMCID": "PMC13575132",
"ISSN": "2045-2322",
"publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-58885-1",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
6,
22
]
]
}
}

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