Impaired consolidation of spatial memory during sleep in patients with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1-associated limbic encephalitis.
The 2 matches
- [1] § Materials and methods › Virtual Morris water maze task › Statistical analysis ↔ Maze_stats_paper.Rmd, lines 169–192 · score 0.65 · ART ANOVAs, post hoc, rank, pairwise, interaction, phases
- [2] § Materials and methods › Virtual Morris water maze task › Sleep analysis ↔ Analysis_paper.py, lines 144–185 · score 0.60 · Morlet wavelets, frontal channels, cycle, power, 0.5 Hz, spindles
Paper
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The authors' code
R Markdown · 293 lines · 8.1 KB · MIT · 1 match
- ---
- title: "Maze_Statistics"
- output: html_document
- date: "2025-01-23"
- ---
- ```{r setup, include=FALSE}
- rm(list = ls())
- knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
- library(ggplot2)
- library(tidyverse)
- library(dplyr)
- library(ggpubr)
- library(rstatix)
- ```
- ```{r}
- library(emmeans)
- data_maze_raw <- read.csv2("./data/Maze/ANOVA_LGI1.csv")
- data_maze <- data_maze_raw %>% pivot_longer(cols = B1_distance_learn:R4_latency_revlearn, names_to = c("Timepoint", "Variable", "Test"), names_sep = "_")
- ```
- ```{r}
- library(afex)
- library(emmeans)
- library(dplyr)
- calc_anova <- function(dat_aov, test, param){
- # Fit the repeated measures ANOVA using afex
- aov1 <- aov_ez(
- id = "ID", # Subject identifier
- dv = "value", # Dependent variable
- within = "Timepoint", # Within-subject factor
- between = "Group", # Between-subject factor
- data = dat_aov, # Data frame
- type = 2 # Type II sum of squares
- )
- # Extract the ANOVA table from the aov_ez model object
- anova_table <- as.data.frame(aov1$anova_table) %>%
- mutate(
- p.adj = p.adjust(`Pr(>F)`, method = "BH"), # Adjust p-values using BH method
- )
- anova_table$Test <- test
- anova_table$Parameter <- param
- # Pairwise comparisons using emmeans
- pwc_emmeans <- emmeans(aov1, pairwise ~ Group * Timepoint) %>% summary(infer = TRUE, adjust = "BH")
- # Extract pairwise comparisons table
- pwc_table <- as.data.frame(pwc_emmeans$contrasts)
- pwc_table$Test <- test
- pwc_table$Parameter <- param
- return(list(anova_table, pwc_table))
- }
- ```
- Calculate ANOVAs:
- ```{r}
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "learn" & Variable == "distance")
- aov <- calc_anova(dat_aov, test = "learning", param = "distance")
- aov1 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc1 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "learn" & Variable == "latency")
- aov <- calc_anova(dat_aov,test = "learning", param = "latency")
- aov2 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc2 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "revlearn" & Variable == "latency")
- aov <- calc_anova(dat_aov, test = "revlearn", param = "latency")
- aov3 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc3 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "revlearn" & Variable == "distance")
- aov <- calc_anova(dat_aov, test = "revlearn", param = "distance")
- aov4 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc4 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "revlearn" & Variable == "reldwtimenew")
- aov <- calc_anova(dat_aov, test = "revlearn", param = "reldwtimenew")
- aov5 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc5 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "revlearn" & Variable == "reldwtimeold")
- aov <- calc_anova(dat_aov, test = "revlearn", param = "reldwtimeold")
- aov6 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc6 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "disc" & Variable == "reldwtime")
- aov <- calc_anova(dat_aov, test = "disc", param = "reldwtime")
- aov7 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc7 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "cons" & Variable == "reldwtime")
- aov <- calc_anova(dat_aov, test = "cons", param = "reldwtime")
- aov8 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc8 <- aov[[2]]
- pwc <- rbind(pwc1,pwc2,pwc3, pwc4, pwc5, pwc6, pwc7, pwc8)
- aovs <- rbind(aov1,aov2,aov3,aov4,aov5,aov6,aov7,aov8)
- library(xlsx)
- write.xlsx(aovs, "./data/Maze/ANOVA_Result.xlsx")
- write.xlsx(pwc, "./data/Maze/PWC_Result.xlsx")
- ```
- ```{r}
- calc_anova_nonparametric <- function(dat_aov, test, param){
- library(rstatix)
- library(dplyr)
- # Perform Friedman test for within-subject comparisons (if more than 2 timepoints)
- friedman_res <- dat_aov %>%
- group_by(Group) %>%
- friedman_test(value ~ Timepoint | ID) %>%
- ungroup()
- # Perform Kruskal-Wallis test for between-group comparisons at each timepoint
- kruskal_res <- dat_aov %>%
- group_by(Timepoint) %>%
- kruskal_test(value ~ Group) %>%
- ungroup()
- # Merge the results into a single ANOVA table
- anova_table <- bind_rows(
- mutate(friedman_res, Test = "Friedman Test"),
- mutate(kruskal_res, Test = "Kruskal-Wallis Test")
- ) %>%
- mutate(
- p.adj = p.adjust(p, method = "BH"), # Adjust p-values using BH method
- Parameter = param
- )
- # Post hoc pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s test with BH correction
- pwc_table <- dat_aov %>%
- dunn_test(value ~ Group, p.adjust.method = "BH") %>%
- mutate(
- Test = "Dunn’s Test",
- Parameter = param
- )
- return(list(anova_table, pwc_table))
- }
- ```
- ```{r}
- calc_anova_nonparametric <- function(dat_aov, test, param){
- library(ARTool)
- library(rstatix)
- library(dplyr)
- # Perform ART ANOVA to test main effects and interaction
- dat_aov$Group <- as.factor(dat_aov$Group)
- dat_aov$Timepoint <- as.factor(dat_aov$Timepoint)
- art_model <- art(value ~ Group * Timepoint + (1 | ID), data = dat_aov)
- # ANOVA table
- anova_res <- anova(art_model) %>%
- mutate(Test = "ART Contrasts", Parameter = param, Phase = test)
- # Post hoc pairwise comparisons using ART-adjusted ranks
- posthoc_res <- summary(art.con(art_model, "Group:Timepoint")) %>%
- mutate(Test = "ART Contrasts", Parameter = param, Phase = test)
- return(list(anova_table = anova_res, posthoc_table = posthoc_res))
- }
- ```
- ```{r}
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "learn" & Variable == "distance")
- aov <- calc_anova_nonparametric(dat_aov, test = "learning", param = "distance")
- aov1 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc1 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "learn" & Variable == "latency")
- aov <- calc_anova_nonparametric(dat_aov,test = "learning", param = "latency")
- aov2 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc2 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "revlearn" & Variable == "latency" & ID != "30")
- aov <- calc_anova_nonparametric(dat_aov, test = "revlearn", param = "latency")
- aov3 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc3 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "revlearn" & Variable == "distance")
- aov <- calc_anova_nonparametric(dat_aov, test = "revlearn", param = "distance")
- aov4 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc4 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "revlearn" & Variable == "reldwtimenew")
- aov <- calc_anova_nonparametric(dat_aov, test = "revlearn", param = "reldwtimenew")
- aov5 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc5 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "revlearn" & Variable == "reldwtimeold")
- aov <- calc_anova_nonparametric(dat_aov, test = "revlearn", param = "reldwtimeold")
- aov6 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc6 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "disc" & Variable == "reldwtime")
- aov <- calc_anova_nonparametric(dat_aov, test = "disc", param = "reldwtime")
- aov7 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc7 <- aov[[2]]
- dat_aov <- data_maze %>% filter(Test == "cons" & Variable == "reldwtime")
- aov <- calc_anova_nonparametric(dat_aov, test = "cons", param = "reldwtime")
- aov8 <- aov[[1]]
- pwc8 <- aov[[2]]
- pwc <- rbind(pwc1,pwc2,pwc3, pwc4, pwc5, pwc6, pwc7, pwc8)
- aovs <- rbind(aov1,aov2,aov3,aov4,aov5,aov6,aov7,aov8)
- library(xlsx)
- write.xlsx(aovs, "./data/Maze/ART_Result.xlsx")
- write.xlsx(pwc, "./data/Maze/ART_PostHoc_Result.xlsx")
- ```
- ```{r}
- bxp <- ggboxplot(
- selfesteem2, x = "Timepoint", y = "score",
- color = "treatment", palette = "jco"
- )
- bxp
- plt <- dat_aov %>% group_by(Timepoint, Group) %>% summarise(value = mean(value)) %>%
- mutate(Timepoint= as.factor(Timepoint), Group = as.factor(Group)) %>%
- ggplot(aes(x = Timepoint, y = value, group = Group)) +
- geom_point() +
- geom_line(aes(linetype = Group)) +
- labs(
- linetype = "Group", # Change legend title for linetype
- x = "Phase", # Optional: Change x-axis label
- y = "Value" # Optional: Change y-axis label
- ) +
- scale_linetype_manual(
- values = c(1, 2), # Customize line types
- labels = c("Controls", "Patients") # Change legend labels
- )+
- theme_minimal()
- plt
- # Visualization: box plots with p-values
- plt+geom_signif(
- comparisons = list(c("B2", "R1")), # Groups to compare (if across timepoints)
- annotations = aov8$p.adj.signif[2], # Add significance level
- y_position = c(8), # Adjust height of annotation
- tip_length = 0.01
- ) +
- stat_pvalue_manual(
- data = pwc8,
- label = "p.adj.signif",
- y.position = c(6, 7), # Adjust y-positions for pairwise annotations
- tip.length = 0.01
- )
- ```
Maze_stats_paper.Rmd at commit 18f0807, under MIT · at the source
Overview
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders and Plasticity Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Clinician Scientist Program in Evolutionary Medicine, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry UKSH Campus Kiel and Lübeck, 24105 Kiel and 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Neurobiology, Werner-Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Neurology, Cognition in Neurological Disorders Group, University Hospital Charité & Berlin School of Mind and Brain, 10117 Berlin, Germany
Abstract
Sleep promotes the systems consolidation of hippocampus (HC)-dependent spatial memories by reprocessing of previously encoded hippocampal representations. Hippocampal reprocessing involves pattern separation and pattern completion as central hippocampal functions performed by the dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammonis region 3 (CA3), respectively. The leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1)-associated limbic encephalitis (LE) is an autoimmune brain disorder particularly affecting the DG and CA3 regions, thereby impairing hippocampal function. We studied 15 LGI1 patients (and matched healthy controls) to examine hippocampal contributions to the sleep-associated consolidation of spatial memory. Spatial memory was assessed using the virtual Morris water maze (VWM) during learning before nocturnal sleep. Spatial retrieval of target locations (as indicated by dwell time in target area) was tested in the next morning, with separate trials testing pattern separation and pattern completion functions, as well as place memory precision and reversal learning capabilities. Leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1-associated limbic encephalitis (LGI1-LE) patients were able to learn and retrieve spatial locations, albeit to a lesser extent than controls. Recall of place memories was decreased in LGI1-LE patients in comparison with learning performance before sleep and with healthy controls, especially in trials assessing pattern separation. Moreover, at recall, LGI1 patients showed a less flexible adaptation to the reversal learning task, in comparison with the controls. Sleep quality, macro-sleep architecture and EEG slow oscillations (SOs) and spindles were comparable in both groups. However, in LGI1-LE patients, phase–amplitude coupling of SO–spindle events appeared diminished although the group difference did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons. In addition, a negative correlation between spindle density and retrieval of target locations was observed. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed smaller volumes of the HC and its subfields (subiculum, CA1, CA3, DG) in the patients. Divergent structure–function relationships emerged between patients with LGI1-associated encephalitis and healthy controls: In patients, larger volumes of DG and CA3 were associated with weaker sleep-dependent consolidation but greater stability under cue deprivation. In controls, larger hippocampal, CA1, and subicular volumes correlated with better memory retrieval and reversal learning performance. Our results show an impaired sleep-associated consolidation of spatial memory in LGI1-LE patients highlighting the involvement of DG and CA3 areas in sleep-associated spatial memory formation and cognitive flexibility.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 2 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
yf-neuro/LGI1-coupling-analysis
18f0807dbd3edb9db030d1e10ef1ffccb6194a73, 11 March 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
- 27 September 2026: the link answers
6 files
- Analysis_paper.py — Python, 1,077 lines, 1 match
- Coupling_Stats_paper.Rmd
— R, 58 lines - Coupling_preprocess.Rmd — R, 257 lines
- Maze_stats_paper.Rmd — R, 293 lines, 1 match
- Preprocessing_paper.py — Python, 115 lines
- LICENSE — License, 21 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
Tracing map
Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.
What the map holds:
- 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
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Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.
Data availability
The data presented in this work are available upon reasonable request. Analysis code (including scripts used for the time–frequency and coupling analyses) is publicly available at https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 12 authors, 5 keywords, 1 funder, 142 references.
Cite
This paper
Rave, J., Hanert, A., Tabi, Y. A., Fiedler, Y., Philippen, S., Granert, O., Leypoldt, F., Born, J., Burgalossi, A., Schönfeld, R., Finke, C., & Bartsch, T. (2026). Impaired consolidation of spatial memory during sleep in patients with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1-associated limbic encephalitis. Brain communications, 8(4), fcag255. https://
BibTeX
@article{rave2026impaire
author = {Rave, Julius and Hanert, Annika and Tabi, Younes Adam and Fiedler, Yasmin and Philippen, Sarah and Granert, Oliver and Leypoldt, Frank and Born, Jan and Burgalossi, Andrea and Schönfeld, Robby and Finke, Carsten and Bartsch, Thorsten},
title = {{Impaired consolidation of spatial memory during sleep in patients with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1-associated limbic encephalitis}},
journal = {Brain communications},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {fcag255},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
issn = {2632-1297},
doi = {10.1093/
url = {https://
pmid = {42465729},
pmcid = {PMC13373790}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Rave, Julius
AU - Hanert, Annika
AU - Tabi, Younes Adam
AU - Fiedler, Yasmin
AU - Philippen, Sarah
AU - Granert, Oliver
AU - Leypoldt, Frank
AU - Born, Jan
AU - Burgalossi, Andrea
AU - Schönfeld, Robby
AU - Finke, Carsten
AU - Bartsch, Thorsten
TI - Impaired consolidation of spatial memory during sleep in patients with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1-associated limbic encephalitis
T2 - Brain communications
J2 - Brain Commun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 8
IS - 4
SP - fcag255
SN - 2632-1297
PB - Oxford University Press
DO - 10.1093/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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