OSCR

High mannose content of mesenchymal glioblastoma correlates with hydroxyl proton transfer-weighted (HPTw) MRI as noninvasive biomarker of tumor aggressiveness.

Overview

Authors: Behnaz Ghaemi1,2, Hernando Lopez-Bertoni3,4,5, Shreyas Kuddannaya1,2, Sophie Sall6, John Laterra3,4,5, Guanshu Liu1,5, Jeff W M Bulte1,2,3,5,6,7
  1. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
  2. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
  3. Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
  4. Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
  5. Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA
  6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
  7. Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Whiting school of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
Institutions: Johns Hopkins University (United States)
Journal: Science advances, volume 12, issue 20, article eadz5324
Dates: received 4 June 2025; accepted 8 April 2026; published online 13 May 2026; in print May 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC
Identifiers: DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adz5324 · PMID 42127174 · PMCID PMC13170648 · OpenAlex W4409723421
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified (how the code is found and verified)
Categories: structural MRI / diffusion (modality), human (organism), other condition (population)
Methods: Statistics, Connectivity, fMRI & imaging, Physiology & signal measures
MeSH: Biomarkers, Tumor*, Brain Neoplasms*, Glioblastoma*, Magnetic Resonance Imaging*, Mannose*, Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Humans, Hyaluronan Receptors, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Protons (* major topic)
Topic: Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment (Oncology, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Institutes of Health (P30CA006973, R01 CA261974, S10 OD032188, R01 EB030376, R01 NS120949, R01 NS096754, R01 NS073611); NCI NIH HHS (R01 CA261974, P30 CA006973); NINDS NIH HHS (R01 NS120949, R01 NS073611, R01 NS096754); NIH HHS (S10 OD032188); Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (2025-R2-MSCRFD-00026, 2023-MSCRFD-6135); Kennedy Krieger Institute (5P50 HD 103538); NIBIB NIH HHS (R01 EB030376, P41 EB024495); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Translational Research Central Services Shared Resource (P30 CA006973); NICHD NIH HHS (P50 HD103538)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 54 references in the paper

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) contains mesenchymal cancer stem cells that drive tumor aggressiveness and recurrence and exhibit aberrant glycosylation during proneural-to-mesenchymal transition. A comprehensive computational analysis of human GBM transcriptomic datasets revealed an up-regulation of 13 genes involved in glycan mannosylation compared to normal brain, and histopathological staining of a tissue array representing 35 GBM cases revealed elevated mannose levels that correlated with increased expression of the mesenchymal marker CD44. Hydroxyl proton transfer–weighted magnetic resonance imaging (HPTw MRI) detected elevated mannose levels in aggressive human mesenchymal GBM in vitro and in vivo but not in GBM with a less aggressive nonmesenchymal phenotype. To establish causation over correlation, inhibiting expression of the mannose-binding lectins LMAN1/2 that regulate intracellular processing of mannosylated proteins decreased the glioma cell HPTw MRI signal. Our findings indicate that HPTw MRI correlates with high mannose and possibly other saccharide levels in mesenchymal GBM cells, serving as a surrogate imaging biomarker for predicting tumor aggressiveness and recurrence.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Code

No file of the authors' code could be read here: it is described below, and read at its source.

kennedykrieger.org/kirby-research-center/software-databases

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 28 September 2026
Evidence: the link answers
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data, code, and materials availability:”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 28 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 0 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data, code, and materials availability

All data and code needed to evaluate and reproduce the results in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. The data generated in this study have been deposited in the Johns Hopkins Research Data Repository under accession code https://doi.org/10.7281/T1RKKZQW. Source data are provided with this paper. Standard CEST MRI data processing Matlab codes are available at www.kennedykrieger.org/kirby-research-center/software-databases/cest-data-processing-tools. This study did not generate new materials. All correspondence should be sent to J.W.M.B.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 7 authors, 12 MeSH terms, 9 funders, 54 references.

Cite

This paper

Ghaemi, B., Lopez-Bertoni, H., Kuddannaya, S., Sall, S., Laterra, J., Liu, G., & Bulte, J. W. M. (2026). High mannose content of mesenchymal glioblastoma correlates with hydroxyl proton transfer-weighted (HPTw) MRI as noninvasive biomarker of tumor aggressiveness. Science advances, 12(20), eadz5324. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz5324

BibTeX

@article{ghaemi2026high,
author = {Ghaemi, Behnaz and Lopez-Bertoni, Hernando and Kuddannaya, Shreyas and Sall, Sophie and Laterra, John and Liu, Guanshu and Bulte, Jeff W M},
title = {{High mannose content of mesenchymal glioblastoma correlates with hydroxyl proton transfer-weighted (HPTw) MRI as noninvasive biomarker of tumor aggressiveness}},
journal = {Science advances},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {12},
number = {20},
pages = {eadz5324},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
issn = {2375-2548},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adz5324},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz5324},
pmid = {42127174},
pmcid = {PMC13170648}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Ghaemi, Behnaz
AU - Lopez-Bertoni, Hernando
AU - Kuddannaya, Shreyas
AU - Sall, Sophie
AU - Laterra, John
AU - Liu, Guanshu
AU - Bulte, Jeff W M
TI - High mannose content of mesenchymal glioblastoma correlates with hydroxyl proton transfer-weighted (HPTw) MRI as noninvasive biomarker of tumor aggressiveness
T2 - Science advances
J2 - Sci Adv
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/13
VL - 12
IS - 20
SP - eadz5324
SN - 2375-2548
PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science
DO - 10.1126/sciadv.adz5324
UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz5324
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.1126/sciadv.adz5324",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "High mannose content of mesenchymal glioblastoma correlates with hydroxyl proton transfer-weighted (HPTw) MRI as noninvasive biomarker of tumor aggressiveness",
"container-title": "Science advances",
"author": [
{
"family": "Ghaemi",
"given": "Behnaz"
},
{
"family": "Lopez-Bertoni",
"given": "Hernando"
},
{
"family": "Kuddannaya",
"given": "Shreyas"
},
{
"family": "Sall",
"given": "Sophie"
},
{
"family": "Laterra",
"given": "John"
},
{
"family": "Liu",
"given": "Guanshu"
},
{
"family": "Bulte",
"given": "Jeff W M"
}
],
"container-title-short": "Sci Adv",
"volume": "12",
"issue": "20",
"page": "eadz5324",
"DOI": "10.1126/sciadv.adz5324",
"PMID": "42127174",
"PMCID": "PMC13170648",
"ISSN": "2375-2548",
"publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz5324",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
5,
13
]
]
}
}

The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

Similar papers

The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.

[1] doi:10.1186/s41747-023-00390-5
Improved postprocessing of dynamic glucose-enhanced CEST MRI for imaging brain metastases at 3 T.
Journal: European radiology experimental
In common: structural MRI / diffusion, other condition, 7 references
[2] doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02493-z
CEST MRI and MALDI imaging reveal metabolic alterations in the cervical lymph nodes of EAE mice.
Journal: Journal of neuroinflammation
In common: structural MRI / diffusion, 2 references, author Jeff W M Bulte
[3] doi:10.1093/neuonc/noab269
Cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity: A paradigm shift in glioblastoma.
Journal: Neuro-oncology
In common: other condition, 6 references
[4] doi:10.1093/neuonc/noaf026 [code]
GBMPurity: A machine learning tool for estimating glioblastoma tumor purity from bulk RNA-sequencing data.
Journal: Neuro-oncology
In common: other condition, 7 references
[5] doi:10.1186/s40478-023-01613-x
Decoding key cell sub-populations and molecular alterations in glioblastoma at recurrence by single-cell analysis.
Journal: Acta neuropathologica communications
In common: other condition, 7 references
[6] doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47985-z [code]
VC-resist glioblastoma cell state: vessel co-option as a key driver of chemoradiation resistance.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: other condition, 7 references
[7] doi:10.1038/s42003-025-09371-3 [code]
Multi-contrast generation and quantitative MRI using a transformer-based framework with RF excitation embeddings.
Journal: Communications biology
In common: structural MRI / diffusion, 5 references
[8] doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114139
Multiplexed single-cell lineage tracing of mitotic kinesin inhibitor resistance in glioblastoma.
Journal: Cell reports
In common: other condition, 6 references
[9] doi:10.3390/cancers15184619
Repurposing Clemastine to Target Glioblastoma Cell Stemness.
Journal: Cancers
In common: other condition, 6 references
[10] doi:10.1186/s13059-024-03172-3 [code]
IDHwt glioblastomas can be stratified by their transcriptional response to standard treatment, with implications for targeted therapy.
Journal: Genome biology
In common: other condition, 5 references

Contribute

The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.

Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.

Add the badge to the code's README

OSCR: the badge of this paper

If you are an author or a maintainer of this paper's code, you can add this badge. It says what OSCR knows of the paper (its code, its validated tracing map) and links the code to this page. Paste one of these snippets under the README's title. Keep the two marks around it, so that the badge can be replaced in place and is never added twice. OSCR changes nothing in your repository.

Markdown
<!-- oscr-badge:start -->
[![OSCR](https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adz5324.svg)](https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adz5324)
<!-- oscr-badge:end -->
reStructuredText
.. oscr-badge:start

.. image:: https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adz5324.svg
   :target: https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adz5324
   :alt: OSCR

.. oscr-badge:end
HTML
<!-- oscr-badge:start -->
<a href="https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adz5324"><img src="https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adz5324.svg" alt="OSCR"></a>
<!-- oscr-badge:end -->

If you choose to, you can have the badge kept up to date for you, with oscr badge --write from the command line or with the GitHub Action in your repository's workflows. Every other form and option (a card, AsciiDoc, LaTeX, shields.io) is on the badge page.

Request its removal

To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).

Discussion, reproductions, activity

Discussion: code errors and mismatches between the code and the paper about this paper and its code, from readers and its authors, beside the paper and its tracing map.

Report a mismatch between the code and the paper · Report a code error (signed in)

Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code and did not get the paper's result, what they ran, with which environment, commit and data.

Report a reproduction failure (signed in)

Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.