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Dissecting medial temporal lobe from diencephalic sub-volumes: The amnesia dichotomy revisited.

Overview

  1. Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UA20, NEUROPRESAGE, Cyceron, Caen, France
  2. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
  3. Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CRFDP (EA 7475), Rouen, France
  4. Service de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
  5. Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, NIMH, Caen, France
  6. Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
Journal: Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), volume 4, article IMAG.a.1205
Dates: received 12 August 2025; accepted 15 March 2026; published online 13 April 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1162/imag.a.1205 · PMID 41993142 · PMCID PMC13081738 · OpenAlex W7140174929
Open access: diamond, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code on request
Categories: human (organism), other condition (population), Alzheimer's / dementia (population)
Methods: Preprocessing, Connectivity, Statistics
Keywords: thalamic nuclei, mammillothalamic tract, medial temporal lobe, Korsakoff syndrome, alcohol use disorder, Alzheimer’s disease
Topic: Memory and Neural Mechanisms (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 65 references in the paper

Abstract

Severe episodic memory deficits have historically been categorized as diencephalic amnesia, like in Korsakoff’s Syndrome (KS), or as medial temporal lobe (MTL) amnesia, like in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, recent research has highlighted that both MTL and thalamus contribute to episodic memory. We aimed to challenge the traditional distinction by assessing whether subregional volume loss in the MTL and diencephalon reflects the distinct amnesia profiles traditionally associated with KS and AD. This cross-sectional observational study includes 203 subjects, comprising 81 healthy control participants. Of the 122 patients, 42 had amnesia: 18 patients with KS and 24 patients with AD at a dementia stage (dAD); and 80 had mild cognitive disorders: 50 patients with severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) without KS and 30 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). High-resolution T1-weighted MRI was used to quantify MTL subregions (anterior/posterior hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex) using the ASHS-T1 pipeline and key diencephalic structures (anterior/mediodorsal thalamic nuclei, mammillothalamic tract) using the HIPS-THOMAS toolbox. Volume loss among patients and regions were compared using a linear mixed model. For each region, correlations between episodic memory and volumes loss were assessed and compared between aMCI/dAD and AUD/KS patients. Results showed no volume difference between patient groups for the anterior and posterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex. Entorhinal cortex was more altered in aMCI and dAD than in AUD and KS. KS and AUD patients showed disproportionate structural alterations in thalamic nuclei and mammillothalamic tracts compared with MTL subregions. KS patients showed more severe alterations than all other groups, except for anterior thalamic nuclei for which volume did not differ between KS and dAD. Episodic memory performance of AUD and KS patients correlated with volumes loss in the anterior and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei and mammillothalamic tract, while that of aMCI and dAD patients correlated with volume loss in the anterior hippocampus. Alterations in the MTL and diencephalon are not as clearly dissociated as traditionally proposed in the classification of amnesia. While KS pathology is characterized by more severe diencephalic alterations, only the entorhinal cortex is more damaged in AD than in KS. Neither hippocampal nor anterior thalamic volume loss appears to distinguish between the two types of amnesia, suggesting that structural changes in these two regions jointly participate to the pathophysiology of amnesia whatever the etiology. However, these alterations are not similarly involved in memory deficits, which suggests different architectural and/or functional implications of same-scale volume loss.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

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Data

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Data and Code Availability

The data used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 11 authors, 6 keywords, 7 funders, 63 references.

Cite

This paper

Soussi, C., Chauveau, L., de Flores, R., Cabé, N., Laniepce, A., Coulbault, L., Boudehent, C., de la Sayette, V., Chételat, G., Segobin, S., & Pitel, A.-L. (2026). Dissecting medial temporal lobe from diencephalic sub-volumes: The amnesia dichotomy revisited. Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 4, IMAG.a.1205. https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1205

BibTeX

@article{soussi2026dissecting,
author = {Soussi, Célia and Chauveau, Léa and de Flores, Robin and Cabé, Nicolas and Laniepce, Alice and Coulbault, Laurent and Boudehent, Céline and de la Sayette, Vincent and Chételat, Gael and Segobin, Shailendra and Pitel, Anne-Lise},
title = {{Dissecting medial temporal lobe from diencephalic sub-volumes: The amnesia dichotomy revisited}},
journal = {Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {4},
pages = {IMAG.a.1205},
publisher = {MIT Press},
issn = {2837-6056},
doi = {10.1162/imag.a.1205},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1205},
pmid = {41993142},
pmcid = {PMC13081738}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Soussi, Célia
AU - Chauveau, Léa
AU - de Flores, Robin
AU - Cabé, Nicolas
AU - Laniepce, Alice
AU - Coulbault, Laurent
AU - Boudehent, Céline
AU - de la Sayette, Vincent
AU - Chételat, Gael
AU - Segobin, Shailendra
AU - Pitel, Anne-Lise
TI - Dissecting medial temporal lobe from diencephalic sub-volumes: The amnesia dichotomy revisited
T2 - Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
J2 - Imaging Neurosci (Camb)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/04/13
VL - 4
SP - IMAG.a.1205
SN - 2837-6056
PB - MIT Press
DO - 10.1162/imag.a.1205
UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1205
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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