Proteomic analysis of human chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain implicates proteasome and ribosome dysfunction in disease severity.
The 9 matches · 1 of them tie a paragraph to a whole file, not to given lines: a weak match, whose lines are not tinted
- [1] § Methods › Hierarchical clustering ↔ leading_edge_genes.R, lines 41–98 · score 0.87 · Lysosomal Glycan Metabolism, GTPase, Complement System, leading edge genes, PI3K, Rho
- [2] § Methods › Hierarchical clustering ↔ fgsea_comparative_plots.R, lines 1–51 · score 0.82 · Lysosomal Glycan Metabolism, GTPase, Complement System, PI3K, Rho, AKT
- [3] § Model comparisons ↔ fgsea_comparative_plots.R, lines 1–51 · score 0.74 · Lysosomal Glycan Metabolism, GTPase, complement system, Rho, ribosome, dementia
- [4] § Model comparisons ↔ leading_edge_genes.R, lines 41–98 · score 0.74 · Lysosomal Glycan Metabolism, GTPase, complement system, Rho, ribosome, dementia
- [5] § Methods › Gene set enrichment analysis ↔ limma_fgsea_functions_CTE_proteomics.R, lines 29–131 · score 0.67 · fold change, Limma model, BH, log, fgsea, Gene
- [6] § Methods › Filtering and preprocessing ↔ Creating_SummarizedExperiment_hep.R, lines 54–133 · score 0.65 · Internal, PC1, PCA, outlier, metadata, human
- [7] § Methods › Network development ↔ cytoscape_prep.R, lines 33–107 · score 0.59 · hierarchical cluster, network, Cytoscape, nodes, cosine, triangles
- [8] § Cognitive difficulty scale and dementia associations are concordant ↔ limma_fgsea_functions_CTE_proteomics.R, lines 230–288 · score 0.58 · Limma models, CDS model, dementia model, cognitive
- [9] § Methods › Covariate imputation ↔ SomaScan_Amelia_Imputation.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.50 · imputation, Amelia, variables, covariates, AD, PMI
Paper
Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC
The paper is loaded when this pane is shown.
The authors' code
R · 210 lines · 8.7 KB · no license · 2 matches
- #leading edge genes plots
- #Helen Pennington
- library(data.table)
- library(dplyr)
- library(ggplot2)
- library(tidyr)
- full_grouped_paths <- fread("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/final_files/clustered_fgsea_using_function_nofaq_withproteins_grouped.csv")
- groups <- full_grouped_paths %>%
- select(-V1, -cluster, -NES)
- # Convert wide format to long format
- long_df <- groups %>%
- pivot_longer(
- cols = -c(group, pathway),
- names_to = "Protein",
- values_to = "value"
- )
- # Convert to binary leading edge presence (1 if in leading edge, 0 if not)
- long_df <- long_df %>%
- mutate(in_leading_edge = ifelse(value != 0, 1, 0))
- # Count number of pathways in each group per protein
- protein_counts <- long_df %>%
- group_by(Protein, group) %>%
- summarise(count = sum(in_leading_edge), .groups = "drop")
- # Pivot back to wide format with proteins as rows and groups as columns
- protein_counts_wide <- protein_counts %>%
- pivot_wider(
- names_from = group,
- values_from = count,
- values_fill = 0
- )
- protein_counts_wide
- # Get the group with the maximum count for each protein
- protein_max_group <- protein_counts_wide %>%
- rowwise() %>%
- mutate(
- max_group = names(select(cur_data(), -Protein))[which.max(c_across(-Protein))]
- ) %>%
- ungroup() %>%
- select(Protein, max_group)
- protein_max_group
- group_colors <- c(
- "Rho GTPase" = "orange",
- "MAPK and PI3K/AKT" = "yellow",
- "Complement System" = "green",
- "Proteasome" = "lightblue",
- "Lysosomal Glycan Metabolism" = "blue",
- "Growth Factor Signaling" = "purple",
- "Ribosome" = "deeppink", # Reddish Purple
- "mRNA Processing" = "cyan",
- "Other" = "grey",
- "Extracellular Matrix" = "#8B4513", # Brown
- "DNA Damage Response" = "pink",
- "Immune/ Secretory Trafficking" = "#009E73", # Bluish Green
- "Purine Metabolism" = "salmon" # Reddish Purple
- )
- # prep models
- CTE_rl_fgsea <- fread("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/results/fgsea/gseafiles/plot_format_files/PMI_imp1/fgsea_compact_CTE_RHIvslow.csv")
- CTE_rl_paths <- CTE_rl_fgsea[which(CTE_rl_fgsea$padj < 0.05),]
- leading_proteins_rl <- as.matrix(sort(table(unlist(strsplit(gsub("\\s+", "", CTE_rl_paths$leadingEdge), ","))), decreasing = TRUE))
- leading_proteins_rl <- data.frame(protein = rownames(leading_proteins_rl),`RHI vs Low CTE Proteins` = leading_proteins_rl[,1])
- CTE_rh_fgsea <- fread("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/results/fgsea/gseafiles/plot_format_files/PMI_imp1/fgsea_compact_CTE_RHIvsHigh.csv")
- CTE_rh_paths <- CTE_rh_fgsea[which(CTE_rh_fgsea$padj < 0.05),]
- #CTE_rh_paths$leadingEdge <- as.list(CTE_rh_paths$leadingEdge)
- leading_proteins_rh <- as.matrix(sort(table(unlist(strsplit(gsub("\\s+", "", CTE_rh_paths$leadingEdge), ","))), decreasing = TRUE))
- leading_proteins_rh <- data.frame(protein = rownames(leading_proteins_rh),`RHI vs High CTE Proteins` = leading_proteins_rh[,1])
- AT8_fgsea <- fread("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/results/fgsea/gseafiles/plot_format_files/PMI_imp1/fgsea_compact_AT8_total.csv")
- AT8_paths <- AT8_fgsea[which(AT8_fgsea$padj < 0.05),]
- leading_proteins_AT8 <- as.matrix(sort(table(unlist(strsplit(gsub("\\s+", "", AT8_paths$leadingEdge), ","))), decreasing = TRUE))
- leading_proteins_AT8 <- data.frame(protein = rownames(leading_proteins_AT8),`AT8 Total Proteins` = leading_proteins_AT8[,1])
- totyrs_fgsea <- fread("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/results/fgsea/gseafiles/plot_format_files/PMI_imp1/fgsea_compact_totyrs.csv")
- totyrs_paths <- totyrs_fgsea[which(totyrs_fgsea$padj < 0.05),]
- leading_proteins_totyrs <- as.matrix(sort(table(unlist(strsplit(gsub("\\s+", "", totyrs_paths$leadingEdge), ","))), decreasing = TRUE))
- leading_proteins_totyrs <- data.frame(protein = rownames(leading_proteins_totyrs),`Total Years of Play Proteins` = leading_proteins_totyrs[,1])
- cds_fgsea <- fread("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/results/fgsea/gseafiles/plot_format_files/PMI_imp1/fgsea_compact_CDStot.csv")
- cds_paths <- cds_fgsea[which(cds_fgsea$padj < 0.05),]
- leading_proteins_cds <- as.matrix(sort(table(unlist(strsplit(gsub("\\s+", "", cds_paths$leadingEdge), ","))), decreasing = TRUE))
- leading_proteins_cds <- data.frame(protein = rownames(leading_proteins_cds),`CDS Total Proteins` = leading_proteins_cds[,1])
- dem_fgsea <- fread("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/results/fgsea/gseafiles/plot_format_files/PMI_imp1/fgsea_compact_DementiaHx.csv")
- dem_paths <- dem_fgsea[which(dem_fgsea$padj < 0.05),]
- leading_proteins_dem <- as.matrix(sort(table(unlist(strsplit(gsub("\\s+", "", dem_paths$leadingEdge), ","))), decreasing = TRUE))
- leading_proteins_dem <- data.frame(protein = rownames(leading_proteins_dem),`Dementia Proteins` = leading_proteins_dem[,1])
- #function
- plot_leading_edge_single_model <- function(
- leading_df,
- protein_col = "protein",
- model_col,
- protein_max_group,
- group_colors,
- top_n = 100
- ) {
- plot_data <- leading_df %>%
- select(
- protein = all_of(protein_col),
- Appearances = all_of(model_col)
- ) %>%
- arrange(desc(Appearances)) %>%
- slice_head(n = top_n) %>%
- left_join(protein_max_group, by = c("protein" = "Protein")) %>%
- mutate(
- protein = factor(protein, levels = protein)
- )
- ggplot(plot_data,
- aes(x = Appearances,
- y = protein,
- fill = max_group)) +
- geom_col() +
- coord_flip() +
- scale_fill_manual(values = group_colors) +
- labs(
- x = "Number of Appearances",
- y = "Protein",
- fill = "Group"
- ) +
- theme_minimal(base_size = 20) +
- theme(
- axis.text.y = element_text(size = 15),
- axis.text.x = element_text(
- angle = 45,
- hjust = 1,
- vjust = 1,
- size = 10)
- )
- }
- p <- plot_leading_edge_single_model(
- leading_df = leading_proteins_rl,
- model_col = "RHI.vs.Low.CTE.Proteins",
- protein_max_group = protein_max_group,
- group_colors = group_colors,
- top_n = 100
- )
- p
- ggsave("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/lowCTE_leading_edge_300dpi.png", plot = p, width = 20, height = 6, dpi = 300)
- saveRDS(p, "/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/lowCTE_leading_edge.rds")
- p <- plot_leading_edge_single_model(
- leading_df = leading_proteins_rh,
- model_col = "RHI.vs.High.CTE.Proteins",
- protein_max_group = protein_max_group,
- group_colors = group_colors,
- top_n = 100
- )
- p
- ggsave("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/highCTE_leading_edge_300dpi.png", plot = p, width = 20, height = 6, dpi = 300)
- saveRDS(p, "/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/highCTE_leading_edge.rds")
- p <- plot_leading_edge_single_model(
- leading_df = leading_proteins_AT8,
- model_col = "AT8.Total.Proteins",
- protein_max_group = protein_max_group,
- group_colors = group_colors,
- top_n = 100
- )
- p
- ggsave("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/AT8_total_leading_edge_300dpi.png", plot = p, width = 20, height = 6, dpi = 300)
- saveRDS(p, "/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/AT8_total_leading_edge.rds")
- p <- plot_leading_edge_single_model(
- leading_df = leading_proteins_totyrs,
- model_col = "Total.Years.of.Play.Proteins",
- protein_max_group = protein_max_group,
- group_colors = group_colors,
- top_n = 100
- )
- p
- ggsave("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/totyrs_leading_edge_300dpi.png", plot = p, width = 20, height = 6, dpi = 300)
- saveRDS(p, "/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/totyrs_leading_edge.rds")
- p <- plot_leading_edge_single_model(
- leading_df = leading_proteins_dem,
- model_col = "Dementia.Proteins",
- protein_max_group = protein_max_group,
- group_colors = group_colors,
- top_n = 100
- )
- p
- ggsave("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/Dementia_leading_edge_300dpi.png", plot = p, width = 20, height = 6, dpi = 300)
- saveRDS(p, "/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/Dementia_leading_edge.rds")
- p <- plot_leading_edge_single_model(
- leading_df = leading_proteins_cds,
- model_col = "CDS.Total.Proteins",
- protein_max_group = protein_max_group,
- group_colors = group_colors,
- top_n = 100
- )
- p
- ggsave("/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/CDS_leading_edge_300dpi.png", plot = p, width = 20, height = 6, dpi = 300)
- saveRDS(p, "/restricted/projectnb/cteseq/projects/somascan/proteomics_paper/publication_ready_leading_edge_plots/CDS_leading_edge.rds")
leading_edge_genes.R at commit 661644a, no license · at the source
Overview
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and CTE Centers, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Unviersity, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- Section of Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Unviersity, Boston Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
Abstract
The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 9 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
BU-Neuromics/cte-proteomics-2026
661644a67e69adceb389551dd76cfb4ea031e748, 3 August 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
- 27 September 2026: the link answers
10 files
- Creating_SummarizedExper
iment_hep.R , R, 133 lines, 1 match - Final_figures_patchwork.
R , R, 88 lines - SomaScan_Amelia_Imputati
on.R , R, 79 lines, 1 match - cytoscape_prep.R, R, 107 lines, 1 match
- fgsea_comparative_plots.
R , R, 247 lines, 2 matches - fgsea_comparative_tables
.R , R, 90 lines - fgsea_grouping.R, R, 118 lines
- leading_edge_genes.R, R, 210 lines, 2 matches
- limma_fgsea_functions_CT
E_proteomics.R , R, 336 lines, 2 matches - README.md, Text, 24 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
Tracing map
Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.
What the map holds:
- 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
- 9 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
- 9 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
- neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.
Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.
Code and data availability statement
The paper has a code and data availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:
- it points to the authors' code: BU-Neuromics/
cte-proteomics-2026
Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1186/s44477-026-00045-w.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 12 authors, 5 keywords, 2 funders, 57 references.
Cite
This paper
Pennington, H. E., Shapiro, D., Empawi, J., Aytan, N., Alvarez, V. E., Mez, J., Alosco, M. L., Zhang, X., McKee, A. C., Stein, T. D., Cherry, J. D., & Labadorf, A. (2026). Proteomic analysis of human chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain implicates proteasome and ribosome dysfunction in disease severity. Molecular neurodegeneration advances, 2(1), 36. https://
BibTeX
@article{pennington2026p
author = {Pennington, Helen E and Shapiro, Dillon and Empawi, Jenny and Aytan, Nurgul and Alvarez, Victor E and Mez, Jessie and Alosco, Michael L and Zhang, Xiaoling and McKee, Ann C and Stein, Thor D and Cherry, Jonathan D and Labadorf, Adam},
title = {{Proteomic analysis of human chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain implicates proteasome and ribosome dysfunction in disease severity}},
journal = {Molecular neurodegeneration advances},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {36},
issn = {3059-4944},
doi = {10.1186/
url = {https://
pmid = {42603909},
pmcid = {PMC13476330}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Pennington, Helen E
AU - Shapiro, Dillon
AU - Empawi, Jenny
AU - Aytan, Nurgul
AU - Alvarez, Victor E
AU - Mez, Jessie
AU - Alosco, Michael L
AU - Zhang, Xiaoling
AU - McKee, Ann C
AU - Stein, Thor D
AU - Cherry, Jonathan D
AU - Labadorf, Adam
TI - Proteomic analysis of human chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain implicates proteasome and ribosome dysfunction in disease severity
T2 - Molecular neurodegeneration advances
J2 - Mol Neurodegener Adv
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 2
IS - 1
SP - 36
SN - 3059-4944
DO - 10.1186/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1186/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Proteomic analysis of human chronic traumatic encephalopathy brain implicates proteasome and ribosome dysfunction in disease severity",
"container-title": "Molecular neurodegeneration advances",
"author": [
{
"family": "Pennington",
"given": "Helen E"
},
{
"family": "Shapiro",
"given": "Dillon"
},
{
"family": "Empawi",
"given": "Jenny"
},
{
"family": "Aytan",
"given": "Nurgul"
},
{
"family": "Alvarez",
"given": "Victor E"
},
{
"family": "Mez",
"given": "Jessie"
},
{
"family": "Alosco",
"given": "Michael L"
},
{
"family": "Zhang",
"given": "Xiaoling"
},
{
"family": "McKee",
"given": "Ann C"
},
{
"family": "Stein",
"given": "Thor D"
},
{
"family": "Cherry",
"given": "Jonathan D"
},
{
"family": "Labadorf",
"given": "Adam"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "2",
"issue": "1",
"page": "36",
"DOI": "10.1186/
"PMID": "42603909",
"PMCID": "PMC13476330",
"ISSN": "3059-4944",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
14
]
]
}
}
The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.
Similar papers
The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.
- [1] doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btag592 [code]
- Network-based stratification of allele-specific expression reveals patient subgroups in Huntington's disease.Journal: Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)In common: reticulate, limma, igraph, 8 other tools, genetics / omics, other condition
- [2] doi:10.1038/s42003-026-10957-8 [code]
- Brain defence by the extracellular matrix protein Cochlin.Journal: Communications biologyIn common: reticulate, limma, igraph, 8 other tools, cellular / molecular
- [3] doi:10.3390/ijms27104466 [code]
- Uncovering the Key Circuit FOSL2/
FOS/ EGR3/ EGR1, Contributing to the Hyperexcitability of Excitatory Neurons in the Epileptic Temporal Cortex and Hippocampus. Journal: International journal of molecular sciencesIn common: reticulate, limma, igraph, 7 other tools, genetics / omics, 1 reference - [4] doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02367-0 [code]
- A reproducible three-dimensional model of human brain tissue to investigate physiological and disease-associated microglia phenotypes.Journal: Nature neuroscienceIn common: reticulate, limma, igraph, 7 other tools, Alzheimer's / dementia, cellular / molecular
- [5] doi:10.1073/pnas.2609132123 [code]
- A human lysosomal storage disorder toolkit for decoding proteome landscapes in cortical-like and dopaminergic-like induced neurons.Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaIn common: limma, igraph, broom, 7 other tools, genetics / omics, cellular / molecular
- [6] doi:10.1038/s41386-026-02406-1 [code]
- Functional genomic profiling of schizophrenia-associated
genes reveals key microglial regulators. Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of NeuropsychopharmacologyIn common: limma, igraph, broom, 7 other tools, genetics / omics, cellular / molecular - [7] doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.115657 [code]
- Integration of machine learning to develop a disulfidptosis model for predicting glioma prognosis, immunotherapy response, and drug.Journal: iScienceIn common: limma, igraph, broom, 7 other tools, other condition
- [8] doi:10.1016/j.cpblue.2026.100007 [code]
- An integrated single-cell and spatial proteotranscriptomics atlas of fibroblast-driven immunoregulation within the human adult oral cavity.Journal: Cell press blueIn common: reticulate, limma, igraph, 7 other tools
- [9] doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102682 [code]
- TET CpG sequence-context-specifi
c DNA demethylation shapes progression of IDH-mutant gliomas. Journal: Cell reports. MedicineIn common: limma, broom, clusterProfiler, 6 other tools, genetics / omics, other condition, 1 reference - [10] doi:10.1186/s12967-026-08266-z [code]
- Single-cell multi-omic integration analysis prioritizes druggable genes and reveals cell-type-specific causal effects in glioblastomagenesis.Journal: Journal of translational medicineIn common: reticulate, limma, igraph, 6 other tools, genetics / omics, other condition, cellular / molecular
Contribute
The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.
Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.
Claim this paper
Correct its record
Say what each link of this record is, remove the ones that are not the paper's, add the ones that are missing. The correction becomes a new version of the record, in its Versions section.
Validate its tracing map
You validate the map as this page shows it: 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit and with its license, 9 scripts, and 9 matches between paragraphs and code (see the Code and Map sections). It then receives a DOI on Zenodo, with you (your ORCID iD) and OSCR as its creators; the code itself is not deposited.
The map's fingerprint: sha256:548a58fccc6145bf…
Add the badge to its README
The badge links the code to this page. Copy one of these into the README of the paper's code: only you decide where it goes, and nothing is changed for you.
Markdown
[, paste the snippet at the top, then “Commit changes…” and, to review it first, “Create a new branch and start a pull request”. You open the pull request; OSCR asks for no permission.
Request its removal
To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).
Discussion, reproductions, activity
Discussion: questions and error reports about this paper and its code, from signed-in readers and its authors. It opens with sign-in.
Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code: what they reproduced, with which environment, commit and data. It opens with sign-in.
Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.
