PrP turnover in vivo and the time to effect of prion disease therapeutics.
The 12 matches
- [1] § Methods › Mixture-of-rates models ↔ src/mixture_of_rates/TurnoverModels.jl, lines 367–424 · score 0.89 · Bayesian Information Criterion, Akaike Information Criterion, residual sum, Mixture models, squares, RSS
- [2] § Methods › Exponential decay model ↔ src/mixture_of_rates/fig3_mixture_analysis.jl, lines 83–131 · score 0.67 · linearly interpolated, RNA measurements, protein measurements, decay, numerically, residual
- [3] § Methods › Labeled peptide accumulation models ↔ src/utils/funcs.R, lines 214–229 · score 0.67 · chow_days, betareg, prop_labeled, grp, interaction, isotopically
- [4] § Results ↔ src/mixture_of_rates/TurnoverModels.jl, lines 367–424 · score 0.64 · Akaike Information Criterion, exponential decay, mixture models, component, AIC
- [5] § Results ↔ src/figs/fig4.R, lines 2–59 · score 0.62 · F4 WT, chow days, F4 FFI, C57BL, log2, ki
- [6] § Methods › Isotopic labeling of mice ↔ src/figs/figS9.jl, lines 48–89 · score 0.61 · F4 WT, F4 FFI, C57BL, young, aged, ki
- [7] § Results ↔ src/figs/fig2.R, lines 37–86 · score 0.60 · relative isotope abundance, protein abundance, bins, HH, LH, RIA
- [8] § Methods › Isotopic labeling of mice ↔ src/mixture_of_rates/fig4_mixture_analysis.jl, lines 124–197 · score 0.57 · F4 WT, F4 FFI, C57BL, ki, 60 days, ages
- [9] § Methods › Animals ↔ src/figs/fig2.R, lines 1–30 · score 0.57 · HuPrP, C57BL, Tg25109, ZH3, Tga20, gene
- [10] § Methods › Animals ↔ src/figs/figS2.R, lines 55–107 · score 0.57 · HuPrP, C57BL, Tg25109, ZH3, Tga20, gene
- [11] § Results ↔ src/figs/figS9.jl, lines 48–89 · score 0.57 · F4 WT, F4 FFI, C57BL, Young, aged, ki
- [12] § Results ↔ src/figs/figS9.jl, lines 139–217 · score 0.55 · error bars, rates fit, model fit, curve, mixture, day
Paper
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The authors' code
Julia · 217 lines · 7.4 KB · CC-BY-4.0 · 3 matches
- """
- Generate comparison figure showing label accumulation curves for both models
- Side-by-side comparison: Single (left) vs Mixture (right)
- """
- using CairoMakie, LaTeXStrings, DataFrames, CSV, Colors, Printf
- using Statistics: mean,std
- using Distributions: TDist, quantile
- include("TurnoverModels.jl")
- using .TurnoverModels
- """
- Calculate 95% confidence interval lower bound using t-distribution
- """
- function lower(x)
- n = length(x)
- if n < 2
- return mean(x)
- end
- m = mean(x)
- s = std(x)
- t_val = quantile(TDist(n-1), 0.975)
- return m - t_val * s / sqrt(n)
- end
- """
- Calculate 95% confidence interval upper bound using t-distribution
- """
- function upper(x)
- n = length(x)
- if n < 2
- return mean(x)
- end
- m = mean(x)
- s = std(x)
- t_val = quantile(TDist(n-1), 0.975)
- return m + t_val * s / sqrt(n)
- end
- """
- Generate comparison figure showing label accumulation curves for both models
- Side-by-side comparison: Single (left) vs Mixture (right)
- """
- function generate_figure_model_comparison()
- println("Creating model comparison figure...")
- # Load data
- ffi_all = CSV.read("data/iqp/ffi_turnover.tsv", DataFrame)
- ffi_all[!, :total] = ffi_all.light .+ ffi_all.heavy
- ffi_all[!, :prop_labeled] = ffi_all.heavy ./ ffi_all.total
- # Genotype legend
- leg = DataFrame(
- genotype = ["129(TT-3F4-FFI)HOZ", "129(TT-3F4WT)", "B6/N"],
- disp = ["ki-3F4-FFI", "ki-3F4-WT", "C57BL/6N WT"],
- color = [colorant"#D95F02", colorant"#22127A", colorant"#77127A"],
- xgeno = [1, 2, 3],
- ttest_grouping = ["test", "control", "control"]
- )
- use_peptides = ["GENFTETDVK", "VVEQMCVTQYQK"]
- ages = ["young", "aged"]
- fig = Figure(size=(1400, 1000), fontsize=11)
- # Create 2×2 GridLayouts for each genotype (2 ages × 2 peptides)
- gl = [GridLayout() for _ in 1:3]
- #Label(fig[1, :, Top()], "Young", fontsize=13, font=:bold, padding=(0, 0, 20, 0))
- fig[1, 1] = gl[1] # geno 1
- fig[1, 2] = gl[2] # geno 2
- fig[1, 3] = gl[3] # geno 3
- #Label(fig[2, :, Top()], "Aged", fontsize=13, font=:bold, padding=(0, 0, 20, 0))
- gl_aged = [GridLayout() for _ in 1:3]
- fig[2, 1] = gl_aged[1] # geno 1
- fig[2, 2] = gl_aged[2] # geno 2
- fig[2, 3] = gl_aged[3] # geno 3
- # Panel labels (A, B, C for the three genotypes)
- avails_func = free_lysine
- # Loop through genotypes (3 columns)
- for (geno_idx, geno_row) in enumerate(eachrow(leg))
- # Add panel label for this genotype
- panel_letter = string(Char('A' + geno_idx - 1))
- # Create 2×2 grid: rows=ages, cols=peptides
- for (age_idx, this_age) in enumerate(ages)
- # Select appropriate grid layout
- current_gl = age_idx == 1 ? gl[geno_idx] : gl_aged[geno_idx]
- row_in_gl = 1 # Always row 1 within each GridLayout
- for (pep_idx, this_peptide) in enumerate(use_peptides)
- # Create axis
- ax = Axis(current_gl[row_in_gl, pep_idx],
- xlabel= "day",
- ylabel=pep_idx == 1 ? "proportion labeled" : "",
- title=age_idx == 1 ? "Young " * this_peptide[1:4] : "Aged " * this_peptide[1:4],
- titlesize=11,
- width = 125,
- height = 125,
- yticks=0:0.1:0.5
- )
- hidespines!(ax, :t, :r)
- limits!(ax, 0, 8.5, 0, 0.55)
- # Add panel label to top-left of first subplot in each genotype column (young only)
- if age_idx == 1 && pep_idx == 1
- Label(current_gl[row_in_gl, pep_idx, TopLeft()],
- panel_letter * ")",
- fontsize=14, font=:bold, padding=(0, 5, 5, 0))
- end
- t_fine = collect(0:0.1:8)
- t_fine = collect(0:0.1:8)
- curve_data = filter(row -> row.genotype == geno_row.genotype &&
- row.peptide == this_peptide &&
- row.age == this_age, ffi_all)
- if nrow(curve_data) == 0
- continue
- end
- summary_df = combine(groupby(curve_data, :chow_days)) do df
- DataFrame(
- mean_prop = mean(df.prop_labeled),
- l95 = lower(df.prop_labeled),
- u95 = upper(df.prop_labeled)
- )
- end
- sort!(summary_df, :chow_days)
- # SINGLE MODEL FIT (dashed)
- if nrow(curve_data) > 0
- thalf_single = fit_single_isotopic(
- curve_data.chow_days,
- curve_data.prop_labeled,
- avails_func
- )
- if !isnan(thalf_single)
- pred_single = proportion_labeled_single(thalf_single, t_fine, avails_func)
- lines!(ax, t_fine, pred_single,
- color=geno_row.color, linewidth=2, linestyle=:dash)
- end
- end
- # MIXTURE MODEL FIT (solid)
- if nrow(curve_data) > 0
- mixture_fit = fit_mixture_isotopic(
- curve_data.chow_days,
- curve_data.prop_labeled,
- avails_func
- )
- if !isnan(mixture_fit.effective_thalf)
- pred_mixture = proportion_labeled_mixture(
- mixture_fit.thalves,
- mixture_fit.proportions,
- t_fine,
- avails_func
- )
- lines!(ax, t_fine, pred_mixture,
- color=geno_row.color, linewidth=2, linestyle=:solid)
- end
- end
- # Plot observed data with error bars
- scatter!(ax, summary_df.chow_days, summary_df.mean_prop,
- color=geno_row.color, markersize=8,
- marker=:circle, strokewidth=2, strokecolor=geno_row.color)
- errorbars!(ax, summary_df.chow_days, summary_df.mean_prop,
- summary_df.mean_prop .- summary_df.l95,
- summary_df.u95 .- summary_df.mean_prop,
- color=geno_row.color, linewidth=2,
- whiskerwidth=10)
- end # end peptide loop
- end # end age loop
- end # end genotype loop
- # Create legend with both genotype colors and model types
- legend_elements = [
- [LineElement(color=leg[i, :color], linewidth=2) for i in 1:3]...,
- LineElement(color=:black, linewidth=2, linestyle=:dash),
- LineElement(color=:black, linewidth=2, linestyle=:solid)
- ]
- legend_labels = [
- leg[1, :disp],
- leg[2, :disp],
- leg[3, :disp],
- "single-rate fit",
- "mixture fit"
- ]
- Legend(fig[3, :],
- legend_elements, legend_labels,
- orientation=:horizontal,
- framevisible=false,
- halign=:center,
- nbanks=1)
- filename = "display_items/figure-s9.png"
- resize_to_layout!(fig)
- save(filename, fig, px_per_unit=2)
- println("done.\nModel comparison figure saved to $(filename)")
- return fig
- end
- # Generate model comparison figure
- generate_figure_model_comparison()
figS9.jl at commit 1dfa9ba, under CC-BY-4.0 · at the source
Overview
- Program in Brain Health, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Weissman Hood Institute, Great Falls, Montana, United States of America
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, United States of America
- Charles River Laboratories, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- IQ Proteomics, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Comparative Medicine, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- McCance Center for Brain Health and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Prion Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Gate Bio, Brisbane, California, United States of America
Abstract
PrP lowering is effective against prion disease in animal models and is being tested clinically. Therapies in the current pipeline lower PrP production, leaving pre-existing PrP to be cleared according to its own half-life. We hypothesized that PrP’s half-life may be a rate-limiting factor for the time to effect of PrP-lowering drugs, and one reason why late treatment of prion-infected mice is not as effective as early treatment. Using isotopically labeled diet with targeted mass spectrometry, as well as antisense oligonucleotide treatment followed by timed PrP measurement, we estimate a half-life of 5–6 days for PrP in the brain. PrP turnover is not affected by over- or under-expression. Mouse PrP and human PrP have similar turnover rates measured in wild-type or humanized knock-in mice. CSF PrP appears to mirror brain PrP in real time in rats. PrP in the colon is readily quantifiable and has a half-life just slightly shorter than in brain. An under-expressed pathogenic mutant PrP, corresponding to D178N in humans, exhibits an accelerated turnover rate. Our data may inform the design of both preclinical and clinical studies of PrP-lowering drugs.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 12 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
vallabhminikel/halflife
1dfa9ba5de19ff263afbfe9f30fe3d67129e13ba, 11 June 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers
- 28 September 2026: the link answers
20 files
- src/
figs/ , R, 250 linesfig1.R - src/
figs/ , R, 588 lines, 2 matchesfig2.R - src/
figs/ , R, 380 linesfig3.R - src/
figs/ , R, 248 lines, 1 matchfig4.R - src/
figs/ , R, 186 linesfigS1.R - src/
figs/ , R, 156 lines, 1 matchfigS2.R - src/
figs/ , R, 99 linesfigS3.R - src/
figs/ , R, 41 linesfigS5.R - src/
figs/ , R, 102 linesfigS6.R - src/
figs/ , R, 58 linesfigS7.R - src/
figs/ , R, 61 linesfigS8.R - src/
figs/ , Julia, 217 lines, 3 matchesfigS9.jl - src/
halflife_figures.R , R, 116 lines - src/
mixture_of_rates/ , Julia, 424 lines, 2 matchesTurnoverModels.jl - src/
mixture_of_rates/ , Julia, 359 lines, 1 matchfig3_mixture_analysis.jl - src/
mixture_of_rates/ , Julia, 197 lines, 1 matchfig4_mixture_analysis.jl - src/
utils/ , R, 230 lines, 1 matchfuncs.R - src/
utils/ , R, 134 linesutils.R - LICENSE.md, License, 395 lines
- README.md, Text, 5 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
Tracing map
Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.
What the map holds:
- 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
- 18 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
- 12 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
- neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.
Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.
Data Availability
Raw data and source code sufficient to reproduce all figures and statistics in this manuscript are available at github.com/
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 2, 28 September 2026
- Authors: added Taylor L. Corridon (0009-0002-4167-8291); Yuan Lian (0009-0001-9565-2292); Walker S. Jackson (0000-0002-3003-5509); Sonia M. Vallabh (0000-0003-3824-2702); removed Taylor L. Corridon; Yuan Lian; Walker S. Jackson; Sonia M. Vallabh
Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 23 authors, 10 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 46 references.
Cite
This paper
Corridon, T. L., O’Moore, J., Seerley, A., Sprague, D. A., Lian, Y., Laversenne, V., Noble, B., Kamath, N. G., Serack, F. E., Shaikh, A. B., Erickson, B., Braun, C., DeSouza-Lenz, K., Howard, M., Chan, N., Jackson, W. S., Reidenbach, A. G., Cabin, D. E., Vallabh, S. M., . . . Minikel, E. V. (2026). PrP turnover in vivo and the time to effect of prion disease therapeutics. PLoS pathogens, 22(5), e1014263. https://
BibTeX
@article{corridon2026prp
author = {Corridon, Taylor L. and O’Moore, Jill and Seerley, Alyssa and Sprague, Daniel A. and Lian, Yuan and Laversenne, Vanessa and Noble, Briana and Kamath, Nikita G. and Serack, Fiona E. and Shaikh, Abdul Basit and Erickson, Brian and Braun, Craig and DeSouza-Lenz, Kendrick and Howard, Michael and Chan, Nathan and Jackson, Walker S. and Reidenbach, Andrew G. and Cabin, Deborah E. and Vallabh, Sonia M. and Grindeland Panter, Andrea and Oberbeck, Nina and Zhao, Hien T. and Minikel, Eric Vallabh},
title = {{PrP turnover in vivo and the time to effect of prion disease therapeutics}},
journal = {PLoS pathogens},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {e1014263},
publisher = {PLOS},
issn = {1553-7366},
doi = {10.1371/
url = {https://
pmid = {42189860},
pmcid = {PMC13221148}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Corridon, Taylor L.
AU - O’Moore, Jill
AU - Seerley, Alyssa
AU - Sprague, Daniel A.
AU - Lian, Yuan
AU - Laversenne, Vanessa
AU - Noble, Briana
AU - Kamath, Nikita G.
AU - Serack, Fiona E.
AU - Shaikh, Abdul Basit
AU - Erickson, Brian
AU - Braun, Craig
AU - DeSouza-Lenz, Kendrick
AU - Howard, Michael
AU - Chan, Nathan
AU - Jackson, Walker S.
AU - Reidenbach, Andrew G.
AU - Cabin, Deborah E.
AU - Vallabh, Sonia M.
AU - Grindeland Panter, Andrea
AU - Oberbeck, Nina
AU - Zhao, Hien T.
AU - Minikel, Eric Vallabh
TI - PrP turnover in vivo and the time to effect of prion disease therapeutics
T2 - PLoS pathogens
J2 - PLoS Pathog
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 22
IS - 5
SP - e1014263
SN - 1553-7366
PB - PLOS
DO - 10.1371/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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