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The Role of Disulfide Bonds in the GluN1 Subunit in the Early Trafficking and Functional Properties of GluN1/GluN2 and GluN1/GluN3 NMDA Receptors.

Overview

Authors: Jakub Netolicky1, Seungha Lee2,3, Petra Zahumenska1, Marharyta Kolcheva1, Anna Misiachna1, Kristyna Rehakova1, Stepan Kortus1, Jae-man Song2,3, Katarina Hemelikova1, Emily Langore1, Jovana Doderović1, Marek Ladislav1, Young Ho Suh2,3, Martin Horak1
  1. Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4 14220, Czech Republic
  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
  3. Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
Dates: received 26 February 2025; accepted 11 February 2026; published online 24 February 2026; in print 1 April 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1523/jneurosci.0409-25.2026 · PMID 41735054 · PMCID PMC13064811 · OpenAlex W7131287210
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: data only
Categories: genetics / omics (modality), human (organism), rat (organism), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Evoked potentials, Connectivity, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions
Keywords: endoplasmic reticulum, excitotoxicity, glutamate receptor, Golgi apparatus, ion channel, pathogenic variant
MeSH: Disulfides*, Nerve Tissue Proteins*, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate*, Animals, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Female, HEK293 Cells, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Neurons, Protein Subunits, Protein Transport, Rats (* major topic)
Topic: Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research (Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Korea Dementia Research Center (RS-2024-00332875); Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (LM2023050, LX22NPO5107, CZ.02.01.01/00/ 22_008/0004562)
Citations: cited by 1 paper (Europe PMC); 65 references in the paper
Research resources: secondary RRID:AB_10563566, anti-GluN2A RRID:AB_11215116, for and secondary RRID:AB_143165, 2 µg of anti-GluN3A antibody RRID:AB_2112620, RRID:AB_221569, RRID:AB_2313651, RRID:AB_2341188, then secondary antibody RRID:AB_2534069, followed by a secondary antibody RRID:AB_2535812, incubated with a secondary antibody RRID:AB_253584, secondary RRID:AB_2535844, anti-GluN2B RRID:AB_260487, RRID:AB_2630379, labeled using primary RRID:AB_2827566, RRID:AB_532244, HEK293T cells RRID:CVCL_0063, The MATLAB RRID:SCR_001622, RRID:SCR_003070, RRID:SCR_011323, RRID:SCR_015963

Abstract

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors essential for excitatory neurotransmission. Previous studies proposed the existence of four disulfide bonds in the GluN1 subunit; however, their role in NMDAR trafficking remains unclear. Our study first confirmed the existence of four disulfide bonds in the GluN1 subunit using biochemistry in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells. Disrupting the individual disulfide bonds by serine replacements produced the following surface expression trend for GluN1/GluN2A, GluN1/GluN2B, and GluN1/GluN3A receptors: wild-type (WT) > GluN1-C744S-C798S > GluN1-C79S-C308S > GluN1-C420S-C454S > GluN1-C436S-C455S subunits. Electrophysiology revealed altered functional properties of NMDARs with disrupted disulfide bonds, specifically an increased probability of opening (Po) at the GluN1-C744S-C798S/GluN2 receptors. Synchronized release from the endoplasmic reticulum confirmed that disruption of disulfide bonds impaired early trafficking of NMDARs in HEK293T cells and primary hippocampal neurons prepared from Wistar rats of both sexes (Embryonic Day 18). The pathogenic GluN1-C744Y variant, associated with neurodevelopmental disorder and seizures, caused reduced surface expression and increased Po at GluN1/GluN2 receptors, consistent with findings for the GluN1-C744S-C798S subunit. The FDA-approved memantine inhibited GluN1-C744Y/GluN2 receptors more potently and with distinct kinetics compared with WT GluN1/GluN2 receptors. We also observed enhanced NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in hippocampal neurons expressing the GluN1-C744Y subunit, which memantine reduced more effectively compared with the WT GluN1 subunit. Lastly, we demonstrated that the presence of the hGluN1-1a-C744Y subunit counteracted the effect of the hGluN3A subunit on decreasing dendritic spine maturation, consistent with the reduced surface delivery of the NMDARs carrying this variant.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Funding: added Korea Dementia Research Center: RS-2024-00332875; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy: LM2023050, LX22NPO5107, CZ.02.01.01/00/ 22_008/0004562

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 14 authors, 6 keywords, 14 MeSH terms, 65 references, 20 RRIDs.

Cite

This paper

Netolicky, J., Lee, S., Zahumenska, P., Kolcheva, M., Misiachna, A., Rehakova, K., Kortus, S., Song, J.-m., Hemelikova, K., Langore, E., Doderović, J., Ladislav, M., Suh, Y. H., & Horak, M. (2026). The Role of Disulfide Bonds in the GluN1 Subunit in the Early Trafficking and Functional Properties of GluN1/GluN2 and GluN1/GluN3 NMDA Receptors. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 46(13), e0409252026. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0409-25.2026

BibTeX

@article{netolicky2026role,
author = {Netolicky, Jakub and Lee, Seungha and Zahumenska, Petra and Kolcheva, Marharyta and Misiachna, Anna and Rehakova, Kristyna and Kortus, Stepan and Song, Jae-man and Hemelikova, Katarina and Langore, Emily and Doderović, Jovana and Ladislav, Marek and Suh, Young Ho and Horak, Martin},
title = {{The Role of Disulfide Bonds in the GluN1 Subunit in the Early Trafficking and Functional Properties of GluN1/GluN2 and GluN1/GluN3 NMDA Receptors}},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {46},
number = {13},
pages = {e0409252026},
publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
issn = {0270-6474},
doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.0409-25.2026},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0409-25.2026},
pmid = {41735054},
pmcid = {PMC13064811}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Netolicky, Jakub
AU - Lee, Seungha
AU - Zahumenska, Petra
AU - Kolcheva, Marharyta
AU - Misiachna, Anna
AU - Rehakova, Kristyna
AU - Kortus, Stepan
AU - Song, Jae-man
AU - Hemelikova, Katarina
AU - Langore, Emily
AU - Doderović, Jovana
AU - Ladislav, Marek
AU - Suh, Young Ho
AU - Horak, Martin
TI - The Role of Disulfide Bonds in the GluN1 Subunit in the Early Trafficking and Functional Properties of GluN1/GluN2 and GluN1/GluN3 NMDA Receptors
T2 - The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
J2 - J Neurosci
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/04/01
VL - 46
IS - 13
SP - e0409252026
SN - 0270-6474
PB - Society for Neuroscience
DO - 10.1523/jneurosci.0409-25.2026
UR - https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0409-25.2026
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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