Human Cerebral Blood Flow Activity with Diurnal Variation Differentially Correlated with the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus.

Overview

1. Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
2. Department of Economics, Sapporo Gakuin University, Sapporo 004-8666, Japan
3. Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
4. Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
5. Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
6. Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
7. Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan

Abstract

The human circadian rhythm is controlled by central and peripheral clocks, primarily by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We investigated the diurnal variation of basic metabolism in the human cerebrum by measuring human baseline cerebral activity at rest contrasted with the SCN baseline activity. To this end, we utilized magnetic resonance imaging perfusion data of cerebral blood flow (CBF; N = 27, including both sexes), where each participant was scanned four times a day at 6 h intervals (18:00, 24:00, 6:00, and 12:00 local time). Similarly to the SCN exhibiting higher CBF activity at noon, we observed a consistent temporal activity pattern in the brain regions, including the limbic (cingulate, insular, and temporopolar) and sensorimotor (visual and somatosensory/motor) areas. In contrast, the hippocampus showed higher activity at midnight and lower activity at noon. To examine the functional interaction between the SCN and the cerebral regions showing diurnal variation, we calculated the resting-state functional connectivity using the database of the Human Connectome Project (N = 164, including both sexes). Notably, the hippocampus demonstrated greater functional connectivity with the SCN than the other regions. These results suggest that cerebral regions exhibit differential patterns of diurnal variation associated with their functional connectivity with the SCN.

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Data Availability

The data and code that support the findings in this study are available at Dryad (DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgtn (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgtn)), excluding raw image data. The raw image data cannot be deposited in a public repository because sharing it was not included in the informed consent. Any additional information needed to examine the results reported in this paper can be requested to the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The HCP data can be found at balsa.wustl.edu.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 9 authors, 6 keywords, 11 MeSH terms, 3 funders, 97 references.

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This paper

Ogawa, A., Oka, S., Osada, T., Tanaka, M., Chen, W., Kamagata, K., Aoki, S., Nakamura, T. J., & Konishi, S. (2026). Human Cerebral Blood Flow Activity with Diurnal Variation Differentially Correlated with the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 46(15), e0729252026. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0729-25.2026

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