Zinc oxide nanoparticles mitigate insulin resistance in a D-galactose-induced C57BL/6 mouse model.

A correction to this paper has been published: the notice, 42255446, from Europe PMC.

Overview

Authors: Kanagavalli Ramasubbu¹, Devi Rajeswari V¹

Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Institutions: Vellore Institute of Technology University (India)

Journal: Frontiers in endocrinology, volume 17, article 1819985

Dates: received 28 February 2026; accepted 27 April 2026; published online 12 May 2026

Type: Research article · Language: English

License: CC BY

Identifiers: DOI 10.3389/fendo.2026.1819985 · PMID 42255438 · PMCID PMC13237717 · OpenAlex W7160945350

Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)

Status: data only

Categories: mouse (organism), other condition (population), Alzheimer's / dementia (population), cellular / molecular (subfield)

Methods: Statistics

Keywords: amyloid-β deposition, insulin resistance, insulin signalling, neurodegeneration, ZnO nanoparticles

MeSH: Galactose*, Insulin Resistance*, Metal Nanoparticles*, Nanoparticles*, Zinc Oxide*, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Oxidative Stress, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Signal Transduction (* major topic)

Topic: Antioxidants, Aging, Portulaca oleracea (Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex

Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 90 references in the paper

Notices: A correction to this paper has been published (42255446, from Europe PMC)

Abstract

D-galactose promotes insulin resistance (IR) and neurodegeneration through hyperglycemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), oxidative stress, amyloid-β accumulation, and disruption of the insulin signalling pathway, leading to neuroinflammation and neuroapoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the insulin signalling pathway and efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in alleviating brain IR and neurodegeneration via regulating IRS/PI3K/AGER/APP signalling. In this study, bioinformatic analysis of hub genes and PIP network revealed the interconnection between PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and neuroinflammation pathway leading to neurodegeneration. Further, in vivo analysis on 4-month-old C57BL/6 mice was randomised into control (NC), 50 mg/kg of D-galactose (DC), D-galactose + 450 μg/Kg of ZnO NPs (Z1), D-galactose + 650 μg/Kg of ZnO NPs (Z2), and D-galactose + 20 mg/kg of metformin (MF). Blood glucose, Amadori products, conjugated dienes, amyloid-β deposition, and gene and protein expression of the IRS/PI3K/AGER/APP signalling pathway were analysed. Our findings illustrated that ZnO NPs (Z1) alleviated hyperglycemia, cleared amyloid-β accumulation, maintained neural integrity, lessened fat deposition in the liver, and altered the expression of irs2, pi3k, ager, and app genes. Thus, ZnO NPs offer a therapeutic strategy for managing IR and neurodegeneration.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data

Datasets cited

geo:GSE152539 — at NCBI GEO; found in the text, “Transcriptomic data collection and analysis…”

Data availability statement

The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 2 authors, 5 keywords, 14 MeSH terms, 90 references, 1 integrity notice.

Cite

This paper

Ramasubbu, K., & V, D. R. (2026). Zinc oxide nanoparticles mitigate insulin resistance in a D-galactose-induced C57BL/6 mouse model. Frontiers in endocrinology, 17, 1819985. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1819985

BibTeX

@article{ramasubbu2026zinc, author = {Ramasubbu, Kanagavalli and V, Devi Rajeswari}, title = {{Zinc oxide nanoparticles mitigate insulin resistance in a D-galactose-induced C57BL/6 mouse model}}, journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology}, year = {2026}, month = may, volume = {17}, pages = {1819985}, publisher = {Frontiers Media SA}, issn = {1664-2392}, doi = {10.3389/fendo.2026.1819985}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1819985}, pmid = {42255438}, pmcid = {PMC13237717} }

RIS

TY - JOUR AU - Ramasubbu, Kanagavalli AU - V, Devi Rajeswari TI - Zinc oxide nanoparticles mitigate insulin resistance in a D-galactose-induced C57BL/6 mouse model T2 - Frontiers in endocrinology J2 - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) PY - 2026 DA - 2026/05/12 VL - 17 SP - 1819985 SN - 1664-2392 PB - Frontiers Media SA DO - 10.3389/fendo.2026.1819985 UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2026.1819985 LA - en ER -

CSL-JSON

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