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Salidroside Protects Against Simazine-Induced Neurotoxicity by Activating <i>PINK1/Parkin</i> Mitophagy.

Overview

Authors: Xueting Li1,2, Yi Xiang1, Jiaqi Li1, Hewei Song1, Chunlong Zhao1, Baixiang Li1,2
ORCID iDs: Xueting Li
  1. Department of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (X.L.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (H.S.); (C.Z.)
  2. Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
Institutions: Harbin Medical University (China)
Journal: International journal of molecular sciences, volume 27, issue 10, article 4242
Dates: received 13 March 2026; accepted 7 May 2026; published online 10 May 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.3390/ijms27104242 · PMID 42196233 · PMCID PMC13206927 · OpenAlex W7160958062
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: data only
Categories: human (organism), other condition (population), Parkinson's (population), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Statistics
Keywords: salidroside, simazine, SH-SY5Y, neuroprotection, mitophagy, apoptosis
MeSH: Glucosides*, Mitophagy*, Neuroprotective Agents*, Phenols*, Protein Kinases*, Simazine*, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases*, Apoptosis, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Mitochondria, PTEN-Induced Putative Kinase, Signal Transduction (* major topic)
Topic: Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds (Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (82204079, 82373612); Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Department (QC2025H002)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 35 references in the paper
Research resources: Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y RRID:CVCL_0019

Abstract

Simazine (SIM), a triazine herbicide and potential environmental risk factor, has been associated with neurotoxicity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Salidroside (SAL), a natural antioxidant with mitochondrial protective properties, has been reported to alleviate SIM-induced neuronal injury. Using an integrated strategy combining network toxicology and network pharmacology with experimental validation, this study systematically investigated the neurotoxic mechanisms of SIM and the neuroprotective effects of SAL. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that SIM- and SAL-related targets were significantly enriched in apoptosis- and autophagy-associated pathways. In vitro experiments demonstrated that SIM induced mitochondrial structural damage, metabolic dysfunction, and dopaminergic neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis by inhibiting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Conversely, SAL effectively protected SH-SY5Y cells against SIM-induced neurotoxicity by restoring PINK1/Parkin signaling, thereby enhancing mitophagy and suppressing apoptosis. The present study elucidates the central mechanism of SIM-induced PD-like neurotoxicity in vitro and, for the first time, confirms the potential protective effect of SAL. These findings provide a novel theoretical basis for investigating nerve injury induced by SIM exposure and underscore the potential of plant-derived compounds in preventing nerve injuries related to environmental toxicants.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

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Data

Datasets cited

Data Availability Statement

The data set we used is from the GEO database, and downloads can be retrieved in the GEO data set at GSE43490 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE43490).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 6 authors, 6 keywords, 13 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 35 references, 1 RRID.

Cite

This paper

Li, X., Xiang, Y., Li, J., Song, H., Zhao, C., & Li, B. (2026). Salidroside Protects Against Simazine-Induced Neurotoxicity by Activating <i>PINK1/Parkin</i> Mitophagy. International journal of molecular sciences, 27(10), 4242. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104242

BibTeX

@article{li2026salidroside,
author = {Li, Xueting and Xiang, Yi and Li, Jiaqi and Song, Hewei and Zhao, Chunlong and Li, Baixiang},
title = {{Salidroside Protects Against Simazine-Induced Neurotoxicity by Activating \<i\>PINK1/Parkin\</i\> Mitophagy}},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {27},
number = {10},
pages = {4242},
publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
issn = {1422-0067},
doi = {10.3390/ijms27104242},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104242},
pmid = {42196233},
pmcid = {PMC13206927}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Li, Xueting
AU - Xiang, Yi
AU - Li, Jiaqi
AU - Song, Hewei
AU - Zhao, Chunlong
AU - Li, Baixiang
TI - Salidroside Protects Against Simazine-Induced Neurotoxicity by Activating <i>PINK1/Parkin</i> Mitophagy
T2 - International journal of molecular sciences
J2 - Int J Mol Sci
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/10
VL - 27
IS - 10
SP - 4242
SN - 1422-0067
PB - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DO - 10.3390/ijms27104242
UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104242
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"container-title": "International journal of molecular sciences",
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"container-title-short": "Int J Mol Sci",
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"PMCID": "PMC13206927",
"ISSN": "1422-0067",
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"language": "en",
"issued": {
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