Multi-Chaotic HEOA for Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Search: Brain Tumor Classification on FPGA.

Overview

1. Laboratory of Electronic Signals and Systems of Information, Dhar El Mahrez Faculty of Science, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (I.M.)
2. Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco

Abstract

Automated brain tumor classification from MRI scans requires optimized CNN architectures deployable on embedded FPGA platforms. This paper presents an integrated approach combining the Multi-Chaotic Enhanced HEOA (MC-HEOA) for automatic CNN architecture discovery with deployment validation on a Xilinx Zynq-7000 FPGA. A CEC2023 benchmark across 10 test functions evaluates 6 chaotic maps and selects the Tent map as the optimal diversity generator. The NAS search space spans a massive combinatorial space of 1.31 × 1016 configurations encoding architectural choices (layers, convolutions, channels, pooling) under a strict constraint of fewer than one million parameters for FPGA compatibility. The optimal discovered architecture, trained and evaluated using single-channel grayscale input (224 × 224 × 1)—the natural representation for intrinsically monochromatic MRI data— achieves 91.33% test accuracy and 92.44% validation accuracy with 724,200 parameters on the 4-class Brain Tumor MRI dataset (glioma, meningioma, pituitary, no tumor). HLS synthesis on the Zynq-7000 (xc7z020clg484-1) validates embedded deployment feasibility, with DSP utilization of 16%, LUT utilization of 57%, FF utilization of 28%, and an inference latency of 374 ms at 100 MHz. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of MC-HEOA for discovering compact, high-performing CNN architectures compatible with FPGA deployment, opening new perspectives for real-time embedded medical diagnosis.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data

Datasets cited

• kaggle.com/datasets/masoudnickparvar — at Kaggle; found in “Data Availability Statement”

Data Availability Statement

The Brain Tumor MRI dataset used in this study is publicly available on Kaggle at https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/masoudnickparvar/brain-tumor-mri-dataset (accessed on 27 April 2026). The implementation code and trained model weights are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 10 keywords, 6 MeSH terms, 41 references.

Cite

This paper

Mchichou, I., Tahiri, H., Tahiri, M. A., & Amakdouf, H. (2026). Multi-Chaotic HEOA for Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Search: Brain Tumor Classification on FPGA. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 26(9), 2822. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26092822

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