The long-term impact of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on neural dynamics in deep-layer retrosplenial cortex and hippocampus in mice.
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- [1] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Field-spike coherence and phase-locking ↔ HI_phase-amplitude coupling.m, lines 1 to 43 · score 0.66 · phase amplitude coupling, frequency band, modulation, 100 Hz · Report a mismatch
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The authors' code
MATLAB · 302 lines · 11 KB · CC-BY-4.0 · 1 match
- % Script for simulating EEG data for testing cross-frequency
- % phase-amplitude coupling methods
- % defining center frequencies, for which to calculate coupling
- freq4phs = 9; % in Hz
- freq4amp = 60; % in Hz
- % amount of simulations (e. g. 100 for coupling or 10000 for no coupling)
- nrpts = 100;
- % defining frequency band borders accoring to the center frequencies
- freq_ph_min = freq4phs-1; % in Hz
- freq_ph_max = freq4phs+1; % in Hz
- freq_amp_min = freq4amp-freq_ph_max; % in Hz
- freq_amp_max = freq4amp+freq_ph_max; % in Hz
- % define parameters used for modifying the simulated signal
- trial_length = [400,2500,5000]; % in msec
- sampling_rate = [500 1000]; % in Hz
- noise = [0.9,1,1.1]; % additional noise
- modulation_strength = [0.9,1,1.1];
- mw_max_dur = (1000/((freq_ph_min+freq_ph_max)/2))/4;
- modulation_width = [0.9*mw_max_dur,mw_max_dur,1.1*mw_max_dur]; % in ms
- phasic = {'mono','bi'};
- ntrial = 30; % amount of trials extracted from the simulated data
- niter = 1000; % amount of iterations for permutation testing
- % defining data length according to trial length and amount of trials
- datalength = zeros(size(trial_length));
- for n=1:length(trial_length)
- datalength(n) = (trial_length(n)/1000 * ntrial) + ntrial;
- end
- % initialising phase-amplitude plot
- nbin = 18;
- winsize = 2*pi/nbin;
- position = zeros(1,nbin); % in radians
- for j=1:nbin
- position(j) = -pi+(j-1)*winsize;
- end
- % initialise empty cell matrix for PAC values
- PAC_values = cell(nrpts,length(datalength),length(sampling_rate), ...
- length(noise),length(modulation_strength),length(modulation_width), ...
- length(phasic));
- % shuffling random number generator
- rng('shuffle'); % creates a different seed for the rand-nr-generator
- rng_settings = rng; % saves current settings of the generator
- rng_example = rand(1,5); % saves 5 examples of the generated random nrs
- eeglab;
- cd 'C:\spike analysis\maria\modulation index\noise_generation' % function for ...
- % noise generation downloaded from ...
- % https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/42919-pink-red- ...
- % blue-and-violet-noise-generation-with-matlab
- runIdx = 1;
- for iteri=1:nrpts
- % simulating EEG structure for eegfilt
- EEG.srate = 1000; % initial sampling rate
- EEG.pnts = max(datalength)*EEG.srate;
- EEG.nbchan = 1;
- EEG.trials = 1;
- EEG.data = rednoise(EEG.pnts);
- EEG.times = 0:1/EEG.srate:max(datalength)-1/EEG.srate;
- rawEEG = EEG;
- for dli=1:length(datalength)
- for sri=1:length(sampling_rate)
- for noi=1:length(noise)
- for msi=1:length(modulation_strength)
- for mwi=1:length(modulation_width)
- for phi=1:length(phasic)
- EEG = rawEEG;
- % change original data to defined length
- EEG.data = EEG.data(1:datalength(dli)*EEG.srate);
- EEG.pnts = length(EEG.data);
- EEG.times = 0:1/EEG.srate:datalength(dli)-1/EEG.srate;
- EEG.xmax = (datalength(dli)-1/EEG.srate);
- % resample original data
- EEG = pop_resample(EEG, sampling_rate(sri));
- % initialise random time points for permuted phase time series in data
- % points
- numpoints_trial = (datalength(dli) - ntrial) / ntrial * sampling_rate(sri);
- % bandpass filtering phase_signal
- sig_ph = pop_eegfiltnew(EEG, freq_ph_min, freq_ph_max, [], 0, [], 0);
- sig_ph = sig_ph.data; % lower frequency signal for phase
- % bandpass filtering amplitude_signal
- sig_amp = pop_eegfiltnew(EEG,freq_amp_min, freq_amp_max, [], 0, [], 0);
- sig_amp = sig_amp.data; % higher frequency signal for power
- % modulate amplitude signal, if there is modulation, i.e. I~=0;
- if modulation_strength(msi)~=0
- % creation of a Hanning window with "uneven" length, in order to be
- % able to place it evenly around the extreme values
- if rem(ceil((modulation_width(mwi)/1000*EEG.srate)),2)
- myHanning = modulation_strength(msi) .* ...
- hann(ceil(modulation_width(mwi)/1000*EEG.srate))';
- else % the data length of the Hanning window is even;
- % therefore one data point is subtracted
- myHanning = modulation_strength(msi) .* ...
- hann(ceil((modulation_width(mwi)/1000*EEG.srate)-1))';
- end
- modulation_width_final = length(myHanning) * 1000/EEG.srate;
- % find peak indexes
- IdxMaxima = findpeaks(sig_ph);
- if strcmp(phasic(phi),'mono') % modulation only at peaks
- % Looping through all peaks and multiply amplitude with hanning
- % window
- for exi=1:length(IdxMaxima.loc)
- StartIdx = IdxMaxima.loc(exi)-floor(length(myHanning)/2);
- EndIdx = IdxMaxima.loc(exi)+floor(length(myHanning)/2);
- if StartIdx < 1
- y = 1-StartIdx;
- shortenedHann = myHanning(y+1:end);
- StartIdx = 1;
- sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx) = sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx).*(1+shortenedHann);
- elseif EndIdx > length(sig_amp)
- y = EndIdx - length(sig_amp);
- shortenedHann = myHanning(1:end-y);
- EndIdx = length(sig_amp);
- sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx) = sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx).*(1+shortenedHann);
- else
- sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx) = sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx).*(1+myHanning);
- end
- end
- elseif strcmp(phasic(phi),'bi') % modulation at peaks and throughs
- % find peaks indexes: already done
- % find through indexes
- DataInv = 1.01*max(sig_ph) - sig_ph;
- IdxMinima = findpeaks(DataInv);
- IdxExtrms(1:length(IdxMaxima.loc)) = IdxMaxima.loc;
- IdxExtrms(length ...
- (IdxMaxima.loc)+1:length(IdxMaxima.loc)+length(IdxMinima.loc)) = ...
- IdxMinima.loc;
- % Looping through all peaks and throughs and multiply amplitude with
- % Hanning window
- for exi=1:length(IdxExtrms)
- StartIdx = IdxExtrms(exi)-floor(length(myHanning)/2);
- EndIdx = IdxExtrms(exi)+floor(length(myHanning)/2);
- if StartIdx < 1
- y = 1-StartIdx;
- shortenedHann = myHanning(y+1:end);
- StartIdx = 1;
- sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx) = sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx).*(1+shortenedHann);
- elseif EndIdx > length(sig_amp)
- y = EndIdx - length(sig_amp);
- shortenedHann = myHanning(1:end-y);
- EndIdx = length(sig_amp);
- sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx) = sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx).*(1+shortenedHann);
- else
- sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx) = sig_amp(1,StartIdx:EndIdx).*(1+myHanning);
- end
- end
- end
- else
- % if there is no modulation, the above procedure
- % does not need to be carried out
- modulation_width_final = 0;
- end
- % generate additional noise
- EEG.data = rednoise(EEG.pnts);
- noise_ph = pop_eegfiltnew(EEG, freq_ph_min, freq_ph_max,[],0,[],0);
- noise_ph = noise_ph.data;
- noise_amp = pop_eegfiltnew(EEG,freq_amp_min,freq_amp_max,[],0,[],0);
- noise_amp = noise_amp.data;
- % final synthetic signal
- sig_ph = sig_ph + noise(noi) .* noise_ph;
- sig_amp = sig_amp + noise(noi) .* noise_amp;
- % extract amplitude and phase from simulated continiuous data
- phase_ts_cont = angle(hilbert(sig_ph));
- amplt_ts_cont = abs(hilbert(sig_amp));
- ph_ap_ts_cont = angle(hilbert(abs(hilbert(sig_amp))));
- % epoch data (as often real data does conatin data inconsistencies)
- triallength = (datalength(dli) - ntrial) / ntrial; % in sec
- marker_dist = 1+triallength;
- event_latency = ...
- EEG.srate/2:marker_dist*EEG.srate:marker_dist*ntrial*EEG.srate;
- start = 1;
- phase_ts = zeros(1,triallength*EEG.srate*ntrial);
- amplt_ts = zeros(1,triallength*EEG.srate*ntrial);
- ph_ap_ts = zeros(1,triallength*EEG.srate*ntrial);
- for eli=1:ntrial
- phase_ts(1,start:eli*triallength*EEG.srate) = ...
- phase_ts_cont(event_latency(eli):event_latency(eli)+ ...
- (triallength*EEG.srate-1));
- amplt_ts(1,start:eli*triallength*EEG.srate) = ...
- amplt_ts_cont(event_latency(eli):event_latency(eli)+ ...
- (triallength*EEG.srate-1));
- ph_ap_ts(1,start:eli*triallength*EEG.srate) = ...
- ph_ap_ts_cont(event_latency(eli):event_latency(eli)+ ...
- (triallength*EEG.srate-1));
- start = start + triallength*EEG.srate;
- end
- % calculate mean amplitude in phase bins for MI
- MeanAmp = zeros(1,nbin);
- for j=1:nbin
- MeanAmp(j) = mean(amplt_ts(find ...
- (phase_ts >= position(j) & phase_ts < position(j)+winsize)));
- end
- % calculate observed MI (complex-valued composite signal)
- NormAmp = MeanAmp/sum(MeanAmp);
- ShannonEntropy = -sum(NormAmp.*log(NormAmp));
- KL_Dist = log(nbin)-ShannonEntropy;
- obs_MI = KL_Dist / log(nbin);
- % calculate observed MVL (complex-valued composite signal)
- obs_MVL = mean(amplt_ts(:).*exp(1i*phase_ts(:)));
- % calculate observed PLV (complex-valued composite signal)
- obs_PLV = mean(exp(1i*(phase_ts(:) - ph_ap_ts(:))));
- % calculate observed GLM
- [obs_GLM,obs_GLM_CI,NrCtrlPts] = glmfun(phase_ts,amplt_ts,10,'AIC');
- % The glmfun.m provided by Kramer & Eden (2013), ...
- % was modified, such that it takes the phase time series and amplitude
- % time series instead of the band pass filtered signal.
- % split continious data into trials
- phase_ts = reshape(phase_ts,triallength*EEG.srate,ntrial);
- amplt_ts = reshape(amplt_ts,triallength*EEG.srate,ntrial);
- ph_ap_ts = reshape(ph_ap_ts,triallength*EEG.srate,ntrial);
- EEG.trials = ntrial;
- % calculate surrogate values
- permuted_phase = zeros(length(phase_ts),ntrial);
- permuted_MI = zeros(1,niter);
- permuted_MVL = zeros(1,niter);
- permuted_PLV = zeros(1,niter);
- permuted_GLM = zeros(1,niter);
- for s=1:niter
- skip = randsample ...
- (round(numpoints_trial*.8),ntrial) + round(numpoints_trial*.1);
- for ti=1:ntrial
- permuted_phase(:,ti) = phase_ts([skip(ti):end 1:skip(ti)-1],ti);
- end
- MeanAmpShuffeld = zeros(1,nbin);
- for j=1:nbin
- MeanAmpShuffeld(j) = mean(amplt_ts(find ...
- (permuted_phase>=position(j)&permuted_phase<position(j)+winsize)));
- end
- permuted_MI(s) = (log(nbin)- ...
- (-sum((MeanAmpShuffeld/sum(MeanAmpShuffeld)) .* ...
- log((MeanAmpShuffeld/sum(MeanAmpShuffeld)))))) / log(nbin);
- permuted_MVL(s) = abs(mean( amplt_ts(:).*exp(1i*permuted_phase(:)) ));
- permuted_PLV(s) = abs(mean(exp(1i*(permuted_phase(:) - ph_ap_ts(:)))));
- [permuted_GLM(s),~,~] =glmfun(permuted_phase(:),amplt_ts(:),NrCtrlPts);
- end
- % calculate z-standardized PAC values
- MIz = ( obs_MI - mean(permuted_MI)) / std(permuted_MI);
- MVLz = (abs(obs_MVL) - mean(permuted_MVL)) / std(permuted_MVL);
- PLVz = (abs(obs_PLV) - mean(permuted_PLV)) / std(permuted_PLV);
- GLMz = ( obs_GLM - mean(permuted_GLM)) / std(permuted_GLM);
- MVLphase = angle(obs_MVL);
- PLVphase = angle(obs_PLV);
- % save PAC values
- parameter_name = ['freq' num2str(freq4phs) 'to' num2str(freq4amp) '_' ...
- num2str(datalength(dli)) 'DL_' ...
- num2str(EEG.srate) 'SR_' ...
- num2str(noise(noi)*100) 'NO_' ...
- num2str(modulation_strength(msi)*10) 'MS_' ...
- num2str(modulation_width_final) 'MW_' char(phasic(phi))];
- toSave = {parameter_name,obs_MI,MIz,obs_MVL,MVLz,MVLphase, ...
- obs_PLV,PLVz,PLVphase,obs_GLM,obs_GLM_CI,NrCtrlPts,GLMz};
- PAC_values{iteri,dli,sri,noi,msi,mwi,phi} = toSave;
- % clear variables because of varying data length
- EEG.data=[]; EEG.srate=[]; EEG.times=[]; EEG.pnts=[]; EEG.nbchan=[];
- EEG.trials=[];
- clear sig_amp noise_amp amplt_ts amplt_ts_cont sig_ph noise_ph
- clear phase_ts phase_ts_cont permuted_phase ph_ap_ts ph_ap_ts_cont
- clear MeanAmp MeanAmpShuffeld NormAmp event_latency IdxMaxima myHanning
- clear bedname toSave
- end
- end
- end
- end
- end
- end
- save('tmp_results','PAC_values','rng_settings')
- end
- save('results','PAC_values','rng_settings','rng_example')
HI_phase-amplitude coupling.m, under CC-BY-4.0 · at the source
Overview
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Neurotek Incorporated, York, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemia (HI) often results in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a major cause of neonatal mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental deficits. While motor and cognitive impairments are common, the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using a mouse model of neonatal HI, we examined long-term effects on neuronal activity in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and hippocampus through simultaneous electrophysiological recordings in freely moving adults. HI mice showed a significant reduction in neurons recorded per tetrode, and remaining pyramidal neurons in the ipsilateral hemisphere exhibited abnormal bursting, synchrony, and pathological spike-field coupling to theta-alpha oscillations. These neural abnormalities coincided with impaired motor learning performance across training sessions. Our findings reveal persistent disruptions in firing patterns and RSC-hippocampus communication, providing insight into long-term motor learning deficits at the single-neuron level, following neonatal HI brain injury.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 1 match between paragraphs and lines of code.
Zenodo 18451609
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 30 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
8 files
- HI_burst_detect.m, MATLAB, 225 lines
- HI_calc_coherence.m, MATLAB, 133 lines
- HI_phase-amplitude coupling.m, MATLAB, 302 lines, 1 match
- HI_phase_Locking.m, MATLAB, 68 lines
- HI_spike_raster.m, MATLAB, 56 lines
- HI_spike_time_waveform_c
heck.m , MATLAB, 79 lines - HI_waveform_analysis.m, MATLAB, 70 lines
- HI_xCorrelogram.m, MATLAB, 162 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
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Data
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Data and code availability
All MATLAB analysis scripts and data supporting the findings of this study are available at https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 10 authors, 3 keywords, 1 funder, 67 references.
Cite
This paper
Du, L., Yang, M., Steenland, H. W., Luo, Z., Ovcjak, A., Hu, R., Sugita, S., Takehara-Nishiuchi, K., Milosevic, L., & Feng, Z.-P. (2026). The long-term impact of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on neural dynamics in deep-layer retrosplenial cortex and hippocampus in mice. iScience, 29(4), 115003. https://
BibTeX
@article{du2026long,
author = {Du, Lida and Yang, Meng and Steenland, Hendrik W and Luo, Zhengwei and Ovcjak, Andrea and Hu, Ruiyan and Sugita, Shuzo and Takehara-Nishiuchi, Kaori and Milosevic, Luka and Feng, Zhong-Ping},
title = {{The long-term impact of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on neural dynamics in deep-layer retrosplenial cortex and hippocampus in mice}},
journal = {iScience},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {115003},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2589-0042},
doi = {10.1016/
url = {https://
pmid = {42006293},
pmcid = {PMC13091419}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Du, Lida
AU - Yang, Meng
AU - Steenland, Hendrik W
AU - Luo, Zhengwei
AU - Ovcjak, Andrea
AU - Hu, Ruiyan
AU - Sugita, Shuzo
AU - Takehara-Nishiuchi, Kaori
AU - Milosevic, Luka
AU - Feng, Zhong-Ping
TI - The long-term impact of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on neural dynamics in deep-layer retrosplenial cortex and hippocampus in mice
T2 - iScience
J2 - iScience
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 29
IS - 4
SP - 115003
SN - 2589-0042
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1016/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "The long-term impact of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on neural dynamics in deep-layer retrosplenial cortex and hippocampus in mice",
"container-title": "iScience",
"author": [
{
"family": "Du",
"given": "Lida"
},
{
"family": "Yang",
"given": "Meng"
},
{
"family": "Steenland",
"given": "Hendrik W"
},
{
"family": "Luo",
"given": "Zhengwei"
},
{
"family": "Ovcjak",
"given": "Andrea"
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{
"family": "Hu",
"given": "Ruiyan"
},
{
"family": "Sugita",
"given": "Shuzo"
},
{
"family": "Takehara-Nishiuchi",
"given": "Kaori"
},
{
"family": "Milosevic",
"given": "Luka"
},
{
"family": "Feng",
"given": "Zhong-Ping"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "29",
"issue": "4",
"page": "115003",
"DOI": "10.1016/
"PMID": "42006293",
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"ISSN": "2589-0042",
"publisher": "Elsevier",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
3,
28
]
]
}
}
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