Low-Level Alcohol Consumption in Children 11-12 Years Old Is Linked to Neural Substrates Involved in Reward Processing and Inhibitory Control: Results From a Brain-Wide Association Study.
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- [1] § Methods › Neuroimaging ↔ Code/data_managment.R, lines 53–94 · score 0.54 · Desikan cortical, cortical volume, EN, ABCD, MID, neutral
Paper
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The authors' code
R · 156 lines · 9.7 KB · no license · 1 match
- require(tidyverse)
- require(lme4)
- require(parameters)
- info <- read.csv('~/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/abcd-general/abcd_y_lt.csv')
- info <- info %>% select(1:4,9)
- info$site_id_l <- gsub('\\D','', info$site_id_l)
- info$site_id_l <- as.numeric(info$site_id_l)
- info_bl <- info[which(info$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- info_y2 <- info[which(info$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- info_y2 <- info_y2[,c(1:5)] %>% left_join(info_bl[,c(1,4)], by ='src_subject_id')
- info_y2 <- info_y2[,-c(4)]
- names(info_y2)[names(info_y2)=='rel_family_id.y'] <- 'rel_family_id'
- info_y2 <- (info_y2[,c(1:3,5,4)])
- demo <- read.csv('~/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/abcd-general/abcd_p_demo.csv')
- demo <- demo %>% select(1:2,9) #keeps sex
- demo$demo_sex_v2[demo$demo_sex_v2==3] <- NA
- demo_bl <- demo[which(demo$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- demo_y2 <- demo[which(demo$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- demo_y2 <- demo_y2[,c(1:2)] %>% left_join(demo_bl[,c(1,3)], by = "src_subject_id")
- qc <- read.csv('~/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_qc_incl.csv')
- qc_bl <- qc[which(qc$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- qc_y2 <- qc[which(qc$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- scanner <- mri_y_adm_info <- read.csv('~/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_adm_info.csv')
- scanner <- scanner %>% select(1:2,6)
- scanner_bl <- scanner[which(scanner$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- scanner_y2 <- scanner[which(scanner$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # sipping baseline
- su <- read.csv('~/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/substance-use/su_y_sui.csv')
- su_bl <- su %>% select(1,2,86) #keeps just variable su_isip_1b_2_calc
- su_bl <- su_bl[which(su_bl$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- names(su_bl)[3] <- 'sip_count'
- # sipping combined y1+y2
- su_y2 <- su %>% select(1,2,682) #keeps just variable su_isip_1b_calc_l for followups
- su_y2 <- su_y2[which(su_y2$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- names(su_y2)[3] <- 'sip_count_y2'
- su_y1<- su %>% select(1,2,682) #keeps just variable su_isip_1b_calc_l for followups
- su_y1 <- su_y1[which(su_y1$eventname==c('1_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- names(su_y1)[3] <- 'sip_count_y1'
- su_y1$eventname<- NULL
- merged_su_data <- merge(su_y1, su_y2, by = "src_subject_id")
- merged_su_data$combined_sips_1_2<- merged_su_data$sip_count_y1 + merged_su_data$sip_count_y2
- merged_su_data <- merged_su_data[, -c(2, 4)] #delete distinct Y1 and Y2 columns
- names(merged_su_data)[3] <- 'sip_count' #this variable is number of sips in year 1 and 2 combined
- # Desikan cortical volume
- dsk_vol <- read.csv('~/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_smr_vol_dsk.csv')
- dsk_vol_bl <- dsk_vol[which(dsk_vol$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- dsk_vol_y2 <- dsk_vol[which(dsk_vol$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # ASEG cortical volume
- aseg_vol <- read.csv('~/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_smr_vol_aseg.csv')
- aseg_vol_bl <- aseg_vol[which(aseg_vol$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- aseg_vol_y2 <- aseg_vol[which(aseg_vol$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # MID anticipation of large loss vs neutral
- # Desikan
- mid_allvn_des<- read.csv("/Users/isabellajackson/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_tfmr_mid_allvn_dsk.csv")
- mid_allvn_des_bl <- mid_allvn_des[which(mid_allvn_des$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- mid_allvn_des_y2 <- mid_allvn_des[which(mid_allvn_des$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # ASEG
- mid_allvn_aseg<- read.csv("/Users/isabellajackson/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_tfmr_mid_allvn_aseg.csv")
- mid_allvn_aseg_bl <- mid_allvn_aseg[which(mid_allvn_aseg$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- mid_allvn_aseg_y2<- mid_allvn_aseg[which(mid_allvn_aseg$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # MID anticipation of large reward vs neutral
- # Desikan
- mid_alrvn_des<- read.csv("/Users/isabellajackson/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_tfmr_mid_alrvn_dsk.csv")
- mid_alrvn_des_bl <- mid_alrvn_des[which(mid_alrvn_des$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- mid_alrvn_des_y2 <- mid_alrvn_des[which(mid_alrvn_des$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # ASEG
- mid_alrvn_aseg<-read.csv("/Users/isabellajackson/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_tfmr_mid_alrvn_aseg.csv")
- mid_alrvn_aseg_bl <- mid_alrvn_aseg[which(mid_alrvn_aseg$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- mid_alrvn_aseg_y2 <- mid_alrvn_aseg[which(mid_alrvn_aseg$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # EN-back Positive face vs neutral
- # Desikan
- nback_psfvntf_des<-read.csv("/Users/isabellajackson/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_tfmr_nback_psfvntf_dsk.csv")
- nback_psfvntf_des_bl<- nback_psfvntf_des[which(nback_psfvntf_des$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- nback_psfvntf_des_y2<- nback_psfvntf_des[which(nback_psfvntf_des$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # ASEG
- nback_psfvntf_aseg<- read.csv("/Users/isabellajackson/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_tfmr_nback_psfvntf_aseg.csv")
- nback_psfvntf_aseg_bl<-nback_psfvntf_aseg[which(nback_psfvntf_aseg$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- nback_psfvntf_aseg_y2<- nback_psfvntf_aseg[which(nback_psfvntf_aseg$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # EN-back Negative face vs neutral
- # Desikan
- nback_ngfvntf_des <-read.csv("/Users/isabellajackson/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_tfmr_nback_ngfvntf_dsk.csv")
- nback_ngfvntf_des_bl<-nback_ngfvntf_des[which(nback_ngfvntf_des$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- nback_ngfvntf_des_y2<- nback_ngfvntf_des[which(nback_ngfvntf_des$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # ASEG
- nback_ngfvntf_aseg<-read.csv("/Users/isabellajackson/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_tfmr_nback_ngfvntf_aseg.csv")
- nback_ngfvntf_aseg_bl<-nback_ngfvntf_aseg[which(nback_ngfvntf_aseg$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- nback_ngfvntf_aseg_y2<- nback_ngfvntf_aseg[which(nback_ngfvntf_aseg$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # T1 weighted white matter
- t1_white <- read.csv('~/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_smr_t1_white_dsk.csv')
- t1_white_bl <- dsk_vol[which(dsk_vol$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- t1_white_y2 <- dsk_vol[which(dsk_vol$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # T1 wrighted grey matter
- t1_grey <- read.csv('~/Library/CloudStorage/Box-Box/ABCD 5.0/abcd-data-release-5.0/core/imaging/mri_y_smr_t1_gray_dsk.csv')
- t1_grey_bl <- t1_grey[which(t1_grey$eventname==c('baseline_year_1_arm_1')),]
- t1_grey_y2 <- t1_grey[which(t1_grey$eventname==c('2_year_follow_up_y_arm_1')),]
- # merging baseline data
- combined_bl <- merge(info_bl, demo_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl <- merge(combined_bl, qc_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl <- merge(combined_bl, scanner_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl <- merge(combined_bl, su_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl <- merge(combined_bl, dsk_vol_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl <- merge(combined_bl,aseg_vol_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl<- merge(combined_bl, mid_allvn_des_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl<- merge(combined_bl,mid_allvn_aseg_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl<- merge(combined_bl,mid_alrvn_des_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl<- merge(combined_bl,mid_alrvn_aseg_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl<- merge(combined_bl,nback_psfvntf_des_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl<- merge(combined_bl,nback_psfvntf_aseg_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl<- merge(combined_bl,nback_ngfvntf_des_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl<- merge(combined_bl,nback_ngfvntf_aseg_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl <- merge(combined_bl,t1_white_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_bl <- merge(combined_bl,t1_grey_bl, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- # merging year 2 data (sipping is y1 +y2)
- combined_y2 <- merge(info_y2, demo_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, qc_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, scanner_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, merged_su_data, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, dsk_vol_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, aseg_vol_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, mid_allvn_des_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, mid_allvn_aseg_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, mid_alrvn_des_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, mid_alrvn_aseg_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, nback_psfvntf_des_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, nback_psfvntf_aseg_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, nback_ngfvntf_des_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- combined_y2 <- merge(combined_y2, nback_ngfvntf_aseg_y2, id=c('src_subject_id','eventname'))
- # tossing cases that didn't pass QC
- combined_bl <- combined_bl[which(combined_bl$imgincl_t1w_include==1),]
- combined_y2 <- combined_y2[which(combined_y2$imgincl_t1w_include==1),]
data_managment.R, no license · at the source
Overview
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
Abstract
Background: We comprehensively examined the cross‐sectional and prospective structural (i.e., cortical volume and subcortical volume) and functional (i.e., activation during the Monetary Incentive Delay task and the emotional N‐back task) neural correlates of alcohol sipping in early adolescence across two waves of data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (baseline: ages 9–10, n = 7555; 2‐year follow‐up: ages 11–12, n = 5892).
Methods: Generalized linear mixed models examined individual brain regions of interests' ability to predict alcohol sipping.
Results: At the 2‐year follow‐up, sipping was associated with activation during the MID large reward versus neutral contrast in 12 regions (e.g., nucleus accumbens), and activation during the MID large loss versus neutral contrast in 13 regions (e.g., insula).
Conclusions: These findings aligned with existing literature on alcohol consumption, with neural regions involved in reward and inhibitory control being associated with alcohol sipping. Given that the findings from year 2 mirror several well‐established neural correlates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder in adults, alcohol sipping may be an important phenotype for predicting future alcohol involvement.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
11 files
- Code/
LLVN-aseg.R , R, 373 lines - Code/
LLVN-desikan.R , R, 378 lines - Code/
LRVN-aseg.R , R, 370 lines - Code/
LRVN-desikan.R , R, 370 lines - Code/
cortical-volume-aseg.R , R, 625 lines - Code/
cortical-volume-desikan. , R, 616 linesR - Code/
data_managment.R , R, 156 lines, 1 match - Code/
nfvn-aseg.R , R, 366 lines - Code/
nfvn-desikan.R , R, 368 lines - Code/
pfvn-aseg.R , R, 380 lines - Code/
pfvn-desikan.R , R, 370 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
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Data
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Data Availability Statement
Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Study (ABCD; https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Version 2, 28 September 2026
- Publisher: n/a → Wiley
Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 3 keywords, 11 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 62 references.
Cite
This paper
Jackson, I. F., Meyer, F. A. C., Sullivan, R. M., & Watts, A. L. (2026). Low-Level Alcohol Consumption in Children 11-12 Years Old Is Linked to Neural Substrates Involved in Reward Processing and Inhibitory Control: Results From a Brain-Wide Association Study. Alcohol, clinical & experimental research, 50(7), e70370. https://
BibTeX
@article{jackson2026low,
author = {Jackson, Isabella F and Meyer, Francisco A C and Sullivan, Ryan M and Watts, Ashley L},
title = {{Low-Level Alcohol Consumption in Children 11-12 Years Old Is Linked to Neural Substrates Involved in Reward Processing and Inhibitory Control: Results From a Brain-Wide Association Study}},
journal = {Alcohol, clinical \& experimental research},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {50},
number = {7},
pages = {e70370},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {2993-7175},
doi = {10.1111/
url = {https://
pmid = {42423002},
pmcid = {PMC13347280}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Jackson, Isabella F
AU - Meyer, Francisco A C
AU - Sullivan, Ryan M
AU - Watts, Ashley L
TI - Low-Level Alcohol Consumption in Children 11-12 Years Old Is Linked to Neural Substrates Involved in Reward Processing and Inhibitory Control: Results From a Brain-Wide Association Study
T2 - Alcohol, clinical & experimental research
J2 - Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 50
IS - 7
SP - e70370
SN - 2993-7175
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1111/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1111/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Low-Level Alcohol Consumption in Children 11-12 Years Old Is Linked to Neural Substrates Involved in Reward Processing and Inhibitory Control: Results From a Brain-Wide Association Study",
"container-title": "Alcohol, clinical & experimental research",
"author": [
{
"family": "Jackson",
"given": "Isabella F"
},
{
"family": "Meyer",
"given": "Francisco A C"
},
{
"family": "Sullivan",
"given": "Ryan M"
},
{
"family": "Watts",
"given": "Ashley L"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "50",
"issue": "7",
"page": "e70370",
"DOI": "10.1111/
"PMID": "42423002",
"PMCID": "PMC13347280",
"ISSN": "2993-7175",
"publisher": "Wiley",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
7,
1
]
]
}
}
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