Central Administration of Recombinant IGF1 Is Neuroprotective in a Rodent Model of Acute Liver Failure.

Overview

Authors: Yubo Wang¹, Matthew McMillin², Gabriel Frampton³, Kathryn Rhodes¹, Elaina Williams¹, Juliet Venter¹, Jace Tyson¹, Esha Gupta¹, Mihika Patankar¹, Patrick Mireles¹, Sharon DeMorrow^1,4

ORCID iDs: Yubo Wang, Matthew McMillin, Gabriel Frampton, Patrick Mireles, Sharon DeMorrow

Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (Y.W.); (K.R.); (E.W.); (J.V.); (J.T.); (E.G.); (M.P.); (P.M.)
Department of Innovation, Education and Technology, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA
Department of Neurosurgery, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA

Institutions: The University of Texas at Austin (United States); Baylor College of Medicine (United States)

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences, volume 27, issue 8, article 3547

Dates: received 31 December 2025; accepted 11 April 2026; published online 16 April 2026

Type: Research article · Language: English

License: CC BY

Identifiers: DOI 10.3390/ijms27083547 · PMID 42074188 · PMCID PMC13116921 · OpenAlex W7154617199

Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)

Status: data only (how the code is found and verified)

Categories: mouse (organism), other condition (population), cellular / molecular (subfield)

Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Statistics

Keywords: hepatic encephalopathy, neuroinflammation, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), microglia, azoxymethane, neuron–microglia communication

MeSH: Hepatic Encephalopathy*, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I*, Liver Failure, Acute*, Neuroprotective Agents*, Animals, Azoxymethane, Cytokines, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Microglia, Neurons, Recombinant Proteins (* major topic)

Topic: Liver Disease and Transplantation (Hepatology, Medicine), according to OpenAlex

Funding: NIDDK NIH HHS (DK112803 and DK135995, R01 DK135995)

Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 50 references in the paper

Abstract

Acute liver failure is often accompanied by neurological disturbances collectively referred to as hepatic encephalopathy (HE), characterized by neuroinflammation and subsequent cognitive decline. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a neuroprotective peptide with anti-inflammatory properties in the brain. The role of IGF1 in cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation during HE remains largely unexplored. In C57Bl/6 mice, HE was established through an intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM), and tissues were collected at defined time points during disease development. IGF1 expression in the cortex was downregulated following AOM administration. Central infusion of recombinant mouse IGF1 (rmIGF1) before AOM injection resulted in delayed neurological impairment, reduced microglial activation, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in AOM mice. In vitro, rmIGF1 and conditioned media derived from rmIGF1-treated primary neurons attenuated phagocytic activity and C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) production in the microglial cell line EOC-20. Collectively, our results show that IGF1, whose levels decline during HE, alleviates neuroinflammation and improves the pathological state of AOM-treated mice through the suppression of microglial activation and the regulation of neuron–microglia paracrine communication.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

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Data

Datasets cited

figshare:31892272, at figshare; found in “Data Availability Statement”

Data Availability Statement

The raw data supporting this study have been deposited in Figshare and are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.31892272.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 11 authors, 6 keywords, 14 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 50 references.

Cite

This paper

Wang, Y., McMillin, M., Frampton, G., Rhodes, K., Williams, E., Venter, J., Tyson, J., Gupta, E., Patankar, M., Mireles, P., & DeMorrow, S. (2026). Central Administration of Recombinant IGF1 Is Neuroprotective in a Rodent Model of Acute Liver Failure. International journal of molecular sciences, 27(8), 3547. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27083547

BibTeX

@article{wang2026central, author = {Wang, Yubo and McMillin, Matthew and Frampton, Gabriel and Rhodes, Kathryn and Williams, Elaina and Venter, Juliet and Tyson, Jace and Gupta, Esha and Patankar, Mihika and Mireles, Patrick and DeMorrow, Sharon}, title = {{Central Administration of Recombinant IGF1 Is Neuroprotective in a Rodent Model of Acute Liver Failure}}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, year = {2026}, month = apr, volume = {27}, number = {8}, pages = {3547}, publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms27083547}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27083547}, pmid = {42074188}, pmcid = {PMC13116921} }

RIS

TY - JOUR AU - Wang, Yubo AU - McMillin, Matthew AU - Frampton, Gabriel AU - Rhodes, Kathryn AU - Williams, Elaina AU - Venter, Juliet AU - Tyson, Jace AU - Gupta, Esha AU - Patankar, Mihika AU - Mireles, Patrick AU - DeMorrow, Sharon TI - Central Administration of Recombinant IGF1 Is Neuroprotective in a Rodent Model of Acute Liver Failure T2 - International journal of molecular sciences J2 - Int J Mol Sci PY - 2026 DA - 2026/04/16 VL - 27 IS - 8 SP - 3547 SN - 1422-0067 PB - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) DO - 10.3390/ijms27083547 UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27083547 LA - en ER -

CSL-JSON

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