OSCR

Parabrachial <i>Ntsr1</i> neurons modulate food intake and anxiety through a projection to the ventromedial hypothalamus.

Code ↔ Paper

The paper beside its authors' code: matches between them have not been computed for this paper yet.

Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

The paper is loaded when this pane is shown.

The authors' code

R · 100 lines · 3.2 KB · no license

  1. # Load libraries
  2. library(readxl)
  3. library(dplyr)
  4. library(ggplot2)
  5. library(stringr)
  7. # ----------------------------
  8. # 1. Image & scale settings
  9. # ----------------------------
  10. pixel_size <- 0.37744 # µm per pixel
  11. image_width_px <- 4600
  12. image_height_px <- 3450
  14. image_width_um <- image_width_px * pixel_size # ≈ 1736.22 µm
  15. image_height_um <- image_height_px * pixel_size # ≈ 1302.17 µm
  17. # ----------------------------
  18. # 2. Load and process data
  19. # ----------------------------
  20. file_path <- "C:/ .xlsx"
  21. data <- read_excel(file_path)
  23. # Categorization function
  24. get_category <- function(class_string) {
  25. if (is.na(class_string)) return("Ignore")
  26. class_string <- str_trim(class_string)
  28. has_foxp2 <- str_detect(class_string, regex("Foxp2", ignore_case = TRUE))
  29. has_ntsr1 <- str_detect(class_string, regex("Ntsr1", ignore_case = TRUE))
  30. has_cck <- str_detect(class_string, regex("Cck", ignore_case = TRUE))
  32. if (sum(c(has_foxp2, has_cck, has_ntsr1)) == 0) return("Ignore")
  34. if (has_foxp2 && !has_cck && !has_ntsr1) return("Foxp2")
  35. if (!has_foxp2 && has_cck && !has_ntsr1) return("Cck")
  36. if (!has_foxp2 && !has_cck && has_ntsr1) return("Ntsr1")
  37. if (has_foxp2 && has_cck && !has_ntsr1) return("Foxp2+Cck")
  38. if (has_foxp2 && !has_cck && has_ntsr1) return("Foxp2+Ntsr1")
  39. if (!has_foxp2 && has_cck && has_ntsr1) return("Cck+Ntsr1")
  40. if (has_foxp2 && has_cck && has_ntsr1) return("Foxp2+Cck+Ntsr1")
  42. return("Ignore")
  43. }
  45. # Filter & format data
  46. cells <- data %>%
  47. filter(`Object type` == "Cell") %>%
  48. mutate(Classification = str_trim(Classification)) %>%
  49. mutate(Category = sapply(Classification, get_category)) %>%
  50. filter(Category %in% c("Ntsr1", "Foxp2+Ntsr1", "Cck+Ntsr1", "Foxp2+Cck+Ntsr1")) %>%
  51. rename(X = `Centroid X µm`, Y = `Centroid Y µm`) %>%
  52. mutate(Y = image_height_um - Y) # Flip Y-axis (0,0 becomes bottom-left)
  54. # Category colors
  55. cells$Category <- factor(cells$Category, levels = c(
  56. "Ntsr1",
  57. "Foxp2+Ntsr1",
  58. "Cck+Ntsr1",
  59. "Foxp2+Cck+Ntsr1"
  60. ))
  62. colors <- c(
  63. "Ntsr1" = "red",
  64. "Foxp2+Ntsr1" = "#9467bd",
  65. "Cck+Ntsr1" = "darkorange",
  66. "Foxp2+Cck+Ntsr1" = "black"
  67. )
  69. # ----------------------------
  70. # 3. Create spatial plot
  71. # ----------------------------
  72. p <- ggplot(cells, aes(x = X, y = Y, fill = Category)) +
  73. geom_point(shape = 21, color = "black", size = 18, alpha = 1, stroke = 0.8) +
  74. scale_fill_manual(values = colors) +
  75. scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, image_width_um), expand = c(0, 0)) +
  76. scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, image_height_um), expand = c(0, 0)) +
  77. coord_fixed(ratio = 1, clip = "off") +
  78. theme_void() +
  79. theme(
  80. legend.position = "none",
  81. plot.margin = margin(0, 0, 0, 0),
  82. panel.spacing = unit(0, "cm")
  83. )
  85. # ----------------------------
  86. # 4. Save plot (scaled down)
  87. # ----------------------------
  88. scale_factor <- 0.5 # Reduce to 50% size
  90. ggsave("ntsr1_spatial_plot_scaled.tiff",
  91. plot = p,
  92. width = (image_width_um / 25.4) * scale_factor,
  93. height = (image_height_um / 25.4) * scale_factor,
  94. units = "in",
  95. dpi = 300)
  97. # ----------------------------
  98. # 5. Show the plot in RStudio
  99. # ----------------------------
  100. print(p)

Dot Map Script Ntsr1.R at commit 4fa2198, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Jordan L Pauli1,2, Sekun Park1,2, Rachel R Felix1,2, Richard D Palmiter1,2
ORCID iDs: Sekun Park, Richard D Palmiter
  1. HHMI, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
  2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
Institutions: Howard Hughes Medical Institute (United States); University of Washington (United States)
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, volume 123, issue 30, article e2605466123
Dates: received 13 February 2026; accepted 29 June 2026; published online 22 July 2026; in print 28 July 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1073/pnas.2605466123 · PMID 42485394 · PMCID PMC13416325 · OpenAlex W7170049574
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: mouse (organism), other condition (population), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Preprocessing, Evoked potentials, fMRI & imaging, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging
Keywords: parabrachial nucleus, neurotensin receptor 1, ventromedial hypothalamus, feeding, anxiety
MeSH: Anxiety*, Eating*, Neurons*, Parabrachial Nucleus*, Receptors, Neurotensin*, Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus*, Animals, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Feeding Behavior, Male, Mice, Steroidogenic Factor 1 (* major topic)
Topic: Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones (Reproductive Medicine, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: HHMI (HHMI) (N/A)
Citations: cited by 1 paper (Europe PMC); 73 references in the paper

Abstract

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is an important hub located in the pons that relays sensory signals from peripheral regions. It is genetically diverse and contains many populations that modulate feeding and responses to threatening situations. A small Ntsr1-expressing population of neurons was identified that projects selectively to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). The Ntsr1 neurons are scattered throughout the lateral PBN with a cluster of cells along the border to the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus that overlap with Cck and Foxp2 expression. Chemogenetic activation of PBN Ntsr1 neurons results in Fos induction in Nr5a1 (SF1) and Bdnf neurons in the VMH. Activation of PBN Ntsr1 neurons or their terminals in the VMH reduces food intake after fasting and increases anxiety-like behaviors. In anxiogenic feeding assays, activation of PBN Ntsr1 neurons increases latency to feed as well as reducing food intake. Photometry showed that PBN Ntsr1-neuronal activity increases during anxiogenic situations but is suppressed during food consumption, suggesting a role in threat-induced suppression of feeding. Silencing PBN Ntsr1 neurons with tetanus toxin light-chain increased food intake and reduced anxiety. These findings reveal a genetically defined PBN to VMH circuit that responds to threats and suppresses feeding behavior.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

JLPauli/PBN-Ntsr1-Analysis

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 4fa2198d8c351b7c8ea8342ae3b3c14ce195154d, 9 July 2026
Languages: R (1), MATLAB (1)
Size: 2 files, 2 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: the references
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: ggplot2 (1 file), tidyverse (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
2 files
At the source: github.com/JLPauli/PBN-Ntsr1-Analysis

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 2 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data, Materials, and Software Availability

Study data are included in the article and/or SI Appendix (http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.2605466123#supplementary-materials). Analysis code has been deposited on GitHub (73).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 5 keywords, 12 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 70 references.

Cite

This paper

Pauli, J. L., Park, S., Felix, R. R., & Palmiter, R. D. (2026). Parabrachial &lt;i&gt;Ntsr1&lt;/i&gt; neurons modulate food intake and anxiety through a projection to the ventromedial hypothalamus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 123(30), e2605466123. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2605466123

BibTeX

@article{pauli2026parabrachial,
author = {Pauli, Jordan L and Park, Sekun and Felix, Rachel R and Palmiter, Richard D},
title = {{Parabrachial \&lt;i\&gt;Ntsr1\&lt;/i\&gt; neurons modulate food intake and anxiety through a projection to the ventromedial hypothalamus}},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {123},
number = {30},
pages = {e2605466123},
publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
issn = {0027-8424},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2605466123},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2605466123},
pmid = {42485394},
pmcid = {PMC13416325}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Pauli, Jordan L
AU - Park, Sekun
AU - Felix, Rachel R
AU - Palmiter, Richard D
TI - Parabrachial &lt;i&gt;Ntsr1&lt;/i&gt; neurons modulate food intake and anxiety through a projection to the ventromedial hypothalamus
T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
J2 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/22
VL - 123
IS - 30
SP - e2605466123
SN - 0027-8424
PB - National Academy of Sciences
DO - 10.1073/pnas.2605466123
UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2605466123
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.1073/pnas.2605466123",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Parabrachial &lt;i&gt;Ntsr1&lt;/i&gt; neurons modulate food intake and anxiety through a projection to the ventromedial hypothalamus",
"container-title": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
"author": [
{
"family": "Pauli",
"given": "Jordan L"
},
{
"family": "Park",
"given": "Sekun"
},
{
"family": "Felix",
"given": "Rachel R"
},
{
"family": "Palmiter",
"given": "Richard D"
}
],
"container-title-short": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A",
"volume": "123",
"issue": "30",
"page": "e2605466123",
"DOI": "10.1073/pnas.2605466123",
"PMID": "42485394",
"PMCID": "PMC13416325",
"ISSN": "0027-8424",
"publisher": "National Academy of Sciences",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2605466123",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
7,
22
]
]
}
}

The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

Similar papers

The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.

[1] doi:10.1002/advs.202516310
A Tac1-Expressing Brainstem Pathway Underlies the Pathogenesis of Trigeminal Neuralgia.
Journal: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
In common: mouse, cellular / molecular, 11 references
[2] doi:10.7554/elife.106347 [code]
Esr1-dependent signaling and transcriptional maturation in the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus shape the development of mating behavior during adolescence.
Journal: eLife
In common: ggplot2, tidyverse, mouse, 2 references, author Richard D Palmiter
[3] doi:10.1186/s10194-026-02399-8
Early life stress induces brain-wide electrical network predisposition to migraine.
Journal: The journal of headache and pain
In common: mouse, 4 references
[4] doi:10.1016/j.stem.2026.05.005 [code]
Generation of human appetite-regulating neurons and tanycytes from pluripotent stem cells.
Journal: Cell stem cell
In common: ggplot2, tidyverse, cellular / molecular, 2 references
[5] doi:10.1186/s40478-026-02287-x [code]
Cellular signatures of melanocortin pathway genes across the locus coeruleus.
Journal: Acta neuropathologica communications
In common: ggplot2, tidyverse, mouse, cellular / molecular, 1 reference
[6] doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10354-5 [code]
The neural mechanisms supporting the rise and fall of maternal aggression.
Journal: Nature
In common: mouse, cellular / molecular, 2 references
[7] doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102371
A distinct vagus-beta cell neural circuit senses glucose and modulates insulin secretion.
Journal: Molecular metabolism
In common: mouse, 2 references
[8] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-76141-y
The basolateral amygdala decodes visceral pain and itch via distinct circuits and molecules.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: mouse, 2 references
[9] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-74598-5 [code]
A synaptoid connectome differentiates tanycytic subpopulations and underlies neuroglial communication and neuroendocrine regulation.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: ggplot2, tidyverse, mouse, cellular / molecular, 1 reference
[10] doi:10.1111/ejn.70480 [code]
Astrocyte Proximity Protects Synapses From Human Amyloid-Beta Induced Degeneration in a Mouse Ex Vivo Model of Early Alzheimer's Disease.
Journal: The European journal of neuroscience
In common: ggplot2, tidyverse, mouse, cellular / molecular, 1 reference

Contribute

The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.

Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.

Request its removal

To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).

Discussion, reproductions, activity

Discussion: questions and error reports about this paper and its code, from signed-in readers and its authors. It opens with sign-in.

Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code: what they reproduced, with which environment, commit and data. It opens with sign-in.

Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.