OSCR

ZBP1 mediated restriction of Toxoplasma gondii in both the early acute and chronic brain stages of infection.

Overview

Authors: Lydia Anne Sibley1, Isaac William Babcock1, Naa Dedee Amadi1, Anne Elise Marchildon1, Abigail Grace Kelly1, Sydney Ann Labuzan1, John Robert Lukens1, Tajie Heartsong Harris1
  1. Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
Institutions: University of Virginia (United States)
Journal: ImmunoHorizons, volume 10, issue 4, article vlag015
Dates: received 6 October 2025; accepted 25 February 2026; published online 17 April 2026; in print April 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC
Identifiers: DOI 10.1093/immhor/vlag015 · PMID 41999653 · PMCID PMC13091654 · OpenAlex W7154831121
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: data only
Categories: mouse (organism), other condition (population), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Statistics
Keywords: neuroinflammation, Toxoplasma gondii, ZBP1
MeSH: Brain*, RNA-Binding Proteins*, Toxoplasma*, Toxoplasmosis*, Toxoplasmosis, Animal*, Animals, Chronic Disease, Cytokines, Female, Immunity, Innate, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout (* major topic)
Topic: Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies (Parasitology, Immunology and Microbiology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: NIGMS NIH HHS (T32 GM136615, T32 GM007267); NINDS NIH HHS (T32 NS115657, R01 NS112516, R01 NS134747); NIH HHS (R01NS112516); NIAID NIH HHS (T32 AI007496)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 107 references in the paper

Abstract

ZBP1 is an innate sensor of nucleic acids in the Z-conformation and regulates immune responses via cell death pathways and nuclear factor κB signaling. Previous work has demonstrated an essential role for ZBP1 in viral restriction; however, the role ZBP1 plays in protection against other pathogens is in early stages of exploration. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect all nucleated cells and establishes a chronic infection of the brain requiring a robust innate and adaptive immune response and multiple cell death pathways for host survival. Importantly, innate sensors of T. gondii infection of the central nervous system are still being defined. Prior work has implicated caspase-1 and caspase-8 in the control of T. gondii in the brain. Because ZBP1 can activate both caspase-1 and caspase-8, we sought to explore the role of ZBP1 during T. gondii infection. During early infection, we found an increase in parasite burden; a decrease in NK1.1+ cell, neutrophil, and monocyte recruitment; and impaired NK1.1+ cell cytokine production in the peritoneum of Zbp1−/− mice. Interestingly, during the early adaptive immune response, the immune cell recruitment defects and impaired parasite control were ameliorated. During the brain stage of infection, ZBP1 regulated parasite restriction and numerous inflammatory responses to infection. Our findings establish ZBP1 as a critical regulator of host defense to T. gondii and highlight the importance of ZBP1 in development of inflammation during both the acute and chronic infection.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper links to its data, not to its authors' code: see the Data section.

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Data

Datasets cited

Data availability

All relevant data are presented in the manuscript and the Supplementary Information files or source data are provided in a source data file. The raw data associated with this manuscript can be accessed on Dryad: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4tmpg4frf. MERFISH data used in this study is available on figshare (10.25452/figshare.plus.30080899 and 10.25452/figshare.plus.30076663).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 3 keywords, 13 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 106 references.

Cite

This paper

Sibley, L. A., Babcock, I. W., Amadi, N. D., Marchildon, A. E., Kelly, A. G., Labuzan, S. A., Lukens, J. R., & Harris, T. H. (2026). ZBP1 mediated restriction of Toxoplasma gondii in both the early acute and chronic brain stages of infection. ImmunoHorizons, 10(4), vlag015. https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag015

BibTeX

@article{sibley2026zbp1,
author = {Sibley, Lydia Anne and Babcock, Isaac William and Amadi, Naa Dedee and Marchildon, Anne Elise and Kelly, Abigail Grace and Labuzan, Sydney Ann and Lukens, John Robert and Harris, Tajie Heartsong},
title = {{ZBP1 mediated restriction of Toxoplasma gondii in both the early acute and chronic brain stages of infection}},
journal = {ImmunoHorizons},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {vlag015},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
issn = {2573-7732},
doi = {10.1093/immhor/vlag015},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag015},
pmid = {41999653},
pmcid = {PMC13091654}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Sibley, Lydia Anne
AU - Babcock, Isaac William
AU - Amadi, Naa Dedee
AU - Marchildon, Anne Elise
AU - Kelly, Abigail Grace
AU - Labuzan, Sydney Ann
AU - Lukens, John Robert
AU - Harris, Tajie Heartsong
TI - ZBP1 mediated restriction of Toxoplasma gondii in both the early acute and chronic brain stages of infection
T2 - ImmunoHorizons
J2 - Immunohorizons
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/04/01
VL - 10
IS - 4
SP - vlag015
SN - 2573-7732
PB - Oxford University Press
DO - 10.1093/immhor/vlag015
UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlag015
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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